Isicelo seama-surfactantsekukhiqizeni insimu kawoyela
1. Ama-surfactants asetshenziselwa ukumba uwoyela osindayo
Ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu kanye nokungabi namandla kwamanzi kawoyela asindayo, kuletha ubunzima obuningi ezimayini.Ukuze kukhishwe lawa mafutha asindayo, kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukujova isixazululo esinamanzi se-surfactant downhole ukuze uguqule uwoyela osindayo one-viscosity ephezulu ube i-emulsion yamafutha e-low-viscosity emanzini bese uyikhiphela phezulu.Ama-surfactants asetshenziswa kule ndlela yokunciphisa uwoyela esindayo kanye nendlela yokunciphisa i-viscosity ihlanganisa i-sodium alkyl sulfonate, i-polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, i-polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, i-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, i-polyoxyethylene Vinyl-salkyl alkyl-alcohol uwoyela we-sodium e-alkyl-alkoholi. akhiqizwayo adinga ukuhlukanisa amanzi futhi asebenzise amanye ama-surfactants asezimbonini njengama-demulsifiers okukhipha amanzi emzimbeni.Lawa ma-demulsifiers ama-emulsifiers wamanzi ngamafutha.Okuvame ukusetshenziswa ama-cationic surfactants noma ama-naphthenic acid, ama-asphaltonic acid kanye nosawoti wawo wensimbi oningi.
Amafutha akhethekile asindayo awakwazi ukumbiwa ngamayunithi okumpompa ajwayelekile futhi adinga umjovo we-steam ukuze ululame.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokuvuselela okushisayo, ama-surfactants adinga ukusetshenziswa.Ukujova igwebu kumjovo wesitimu kahle, okungukuthi, ukujova i-ejenti ekhihlizayo ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye negesi engajikijeki, kungenye yezindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa zokuguquguquka.
Amagwebu asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers kanye ne-sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, njll. Ngenxa yokuthi izinto eziphuma emanzini ezixutshwe ne-alkyl phenol, umsebenzi we-alkyl ne-asidi zine-alkali ephezulu, i-alkyl kanye ne-acidity ephezulu amafutha, zingama-agent afaka amagwebu asezingeni eliphezulu.Ukuze wenze amafutha ahlakazekile adlule kalula ekwakhiweni komphimbo we-pore wokwakheka, noma ukwenza amafutha aphezu kokwakheka kube lula ukuxoshwa, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-surfactant ebizwa ngokuthi i-agent diffusing agent.Okuvame ukusetshenziswa umsebenzi oxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surface.umenzeli.
.
- Ama-surfactants okumba i-waxy crude oil
Ukuxhashazwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe we-waxy kudinga ukuvinjelwa kwengcina njalo nokususwa kwengcina.Ama-surfactants asebenza njengama-wax inhibitors kanye nama-wax removers.Kunama-surfactants ancibilika ngamafutha kanye nama-surfactants ancibilika emanzini asetshenziselwa i-anti-wax.Owokuqala udlala indima yokulwa ne-wax ngokushintsha izakhiwo ze-wax crystal surface.Ama-surfactants ancibilikayo kawoyela asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-petroleum sulfonates nama-amine surfactants.Ama-surfactants ancibilika emanzini adlala indima elwa ne-wax ngokushintsha izakhiwo zezindawo ezakhiwe ngengcina (njengamapayipi kawoyela, izinduku zokumunca kanye nezindawo zokusebenza).Ama-surfactants atholakalayo ahlanganisa i-sodium alkyl sulfonates, usawoti we-quaternary ammonium, ama-alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, ama-ether e-hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ether kanye nosawoti wawo we-sulfonate sodium, njll. Ama-surfactants asetshenziselwa ukukhishwa kwe-wax nawo ahlukaniswe abe yizici ezimbili.Ama-surfactants ancibilika kuwoyela asetshenziselwa izikhiqizi ezisuselwa kuwoyela, kanye nohlobo lwe-sulfonate oluncibilika emanzini, uhlobo lukasawoti lwe-quaternary ammonium, uhlobo lwe-polyether, uhlobo lwe-Tween, ama-surfactants ohlobo lwe-OP, uhlobo oluyisicaba olususelwa ku-Sulfate-based noma i-sulfo-alkylated kanye nohlobo lwe-OP.i-surfactants asetshenziswa ekususeni i-wax esekwe emanzini.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, abakhi be-wax basekhaya nabangaphandle baye bahlanganiswa ngokwemvelo, futhi izisusa ze-wax ezisekelwe ku-oyela kanye nezisusa ze-wax ezisekelwe emanzini ziye zahlanganiswa ukuze zikhiqize izisusa ze-wax ezixubile.Lesi sikhiphi se-wax sisebenzisa ama-hydrocarbon anephunga elimnandi nama-hydrocarbon anephunga elimnandi njengesigaba sikawoyela, futhi sisebenzisa i-emulsifier enomphumela wokuhlanza i-wax njengesigaba samanzi.Lapho i-emulsifier ekhethiwe iyi-surfactant ye-nonionic enephuzu lefu elifanele, izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwengxenye yokuwaxisa yomthombo kawoyela lingafinyelela noma lidlule iphuzu layo lefu, ukuze isikhiphi se-wax esixubile sikwazi I-emulsification iphukile ngaphambi kokungena esigabeni sokwenza i-wax. , kanye nama-agent amabili okuhlanza ama-wax ahlukene, adlala ngesikhathi esisodwa indima yokuhlanza i-wax.
3. Ama-surfactantsesetshenziselwa ukusimamisa ubumba
Ubumba lokuzinzisa luhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: ukuvimbela ukwanda kwamaminerali obumba nokuvimbela ukufuduka kwezinhlayiya zamaminerali obumba.Ama-surfactants e-Cationic afana nohlobo lukasawoti we-amine, uhlobo lukasawoti we-quaternary ammonium, uhlobo lukasawoti we-pyridinium, nosawoti we-imidazoline angasetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukuvuvukala kobumba.Ama-surfactants aqukethe i-fluorine-nonionic-cationic ayatholakala ukuze avimbele ukufuduka kwezinhlayiyana zamaminerali obumba.
4. Ama-surfactantsesetshenziswa ezinyathelweni ze-acidification
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela we-acidification, izinhlobonhlobo zezithasiselo ngokuvamile zengezwa kwisisombululo se-asidi.Noma iyiphi i-surfactant ehambisana nesisombululo se-asidi futhi ekhangiswa kalula ngokubunjwa ingasetshenziswa njenge-acidification retardant.Okufana namafutha amine hydrochloride, usawoti we-ammonium we-quaternary, usawoti we-pyridine kuma-surfactants e-cationic kanye ne-sulfonated, i-carboxymethylated, i-phosphate ester enosawoti noma i-sulfate ester enosawoti we-polyoxyethylene alkanes kuma-amphoteric surfactants base phenol ether, njll. , ingafaka uketshezi lwe-asidi emafutheni ukuze kukhiqizwe i-emulsion ye-acid-in-oyili.Le emulsion ingasetshenziswa njengoketshezi lwezimboni olune-asidi futhi idlala indima ebambezelekayo.
Amanye ama-surfactants angasetshenziswa njengama-anti-emulsifiers oketshezi olufaka i-asidi.Ama-surfactants anezakhiwo ezinamagatsha afana ne-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether kanye ne-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine angasetshenziswa njengama-anti-emulsifiers ane-acidifying.
Amanye ama-surfactants angasetshenziswa njengezinsiza zokudonsa amanzi ezingenayo i-asidi.Ama-surfactants angasetshenziswa njengezinsiza zokudonsa amanzi ahlanganisa uhlobo lukasawoti we-amine, uhlobo lukasawoti lwe-quaternary ammonium, uhlobo lukasawoti lwe-pyridinium, i-nonionic, i-amphoteric kanye ne-fluorine-containing surfactants.
Amanye ama-surfactants angasetshenziswa njengama-acidifying anti-sludge agents, njengama-surfactants ancibilika uwoyela, njengama-alkylphenols, ama-fatty acids, ama-alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, ama-quaternary ammonium salts, njll. Ngenxa yokuthi awancibiliki kahle nge-asidi, ama-nonionic surfactants angasetshenziswa ukuwahlakaza. kwisixazululo se-asidi.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela we-acidification, i-ejenti ehlehlisayo yokumanzisa idinga ukungezwa kusisombululo se-asidi ukuze kubuyiselwe emuva ukumanzisa kwendawo eseduze nomthombo ukusuka ku-lipophilic ukuya ku-hydrophilic.Izingxube ze-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers kanye ne-phosphate-salted polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers zikhanyiswa ukwakheka kwakhe ungqimba lwesithathu lwe-adsorption, oludlala indima ekumanziseni nasekubuyiseleni emuva.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo, njenge-fatty amine hydrochloride, i-quaternary ammonium salt noma i-nonionic-anionic surfactant, esetshenziswa njengama-agent akhipha amagwebu ukwenza uketshezi olusebenzayo lwe-foam acid ukufeza inhloso yokunciphisa ukugqwala kanye ne-acidification ejulile, noma kwenziwa amagwebu. kusuka kulokhu futhi isetshenziswe njenge-pre-fluid ye-acidification.Ngemuva kokujova ekubunjweni, isisombululo se-asidi siyajova.Umthelela we-Jamin okhiqizwe amabhamuza kugwebu ungaphambukisa uketshezi lwe-asidi, kuphoqe uketshezi lwe-asidi ukuthi luhlakaze ikakhulukazi ungqimba oluphansi lokungena, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe umphumela we-asidi.
5. Ama-surfactants asetshenziswa ezilinganisweni zokuqhekeka
Izinyathelo zokuqhekeka zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zikawoyela ezingafinyeleleki kancane.Basebenzisa ingcindezi ukuze bavule ukubunjwa ukuze benze ama-fractures, futhi basebenzise i-proppant ukusekela ama-fractures ukunciphisa ukumelana nokugeleza kwamanzi futhi bafeze injongo yokwandisa ukukhiqizwa nokunaka.Amanye ama-fracturing fluids akhiwe ngama-surfactants njengesinye sezithako.
Uketshezi lwe-fracturing lwamafutha emanzini lwakhiwe ngamanzi, uwoyela kanye nama-emulsifiers.Ama-Emulsifiers asetshenziswayo ama-ionic, ama-nonionic nama-amphoteric surfactants.Uma amanzi aqinisiwe asetshenziswa njengesigaba sangaphandle kanye namafutha asetshenziswa njengesigaba sangaphakathi, uketshezi olweqile lwamafutha emanzini (i-polymer emulsion) lungalungiswa.Lolu ketshezi oluqhekekayo lungasetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-160°C futhi lungakwazi ukuphula ama-emulsion ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi lukhiphe uketshezi.
I-Foam fracturing fluid iwuketshezi oluqhekekayo olusebenzisa amanzi njengendawo yokuhlakazeka kanye negesi njengesigaba esihlakazekile.Izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko amanzi, igesi kanye ne-ejenti eyenza amagwebu.I-alkyl sulfonates, i-alkyl benzene sulfonates, i-alkyl sulfate ester salts, usawoti we-quaternary ammonium kanye nama-OP surfactants angasetshenziswa njengezinto ezikhipha amagwebu.Ukuhlushwa kwe-ejenti egwebuzelayo emanzini ngokuvamile kungu-0.5-2%, kanti isilinganiso sevolumu yesigaba segesi kuya kumthamo wegwebu sisebangeni lika-0.5-0.9.
I-oyili-based fracturing fluid iwuketshezi oluphukayo olwakhiwe ngamafutha njengesincibilikisi noma i-dispersion medium.Uwoyela osetshenziswa kakhulu esizeni uwoyela ongahluziwe noma ingxenye yawo esindayo.Ukuze uthuthukise i-viscosity yayo kanye nezindawo zokushisa, i-petroleum sulfonate encibilikayo ngamafutha (isisindo samangqamuzana 300-750) idinga ukungezwa.Uketshezi oluphuma kuwoyela olususelwa kuwoyela luhlanganisa noketshezi oluqhekekayo lwamanzi phakathi kukawoyela kanye noketshezi oluqhekeka igwebu likawoyela.Ama-emulsifiers asetshenziswe ngaphambilini ama-anionic surfactants ancibilika uwoyela, ama-cationic surfactants nama-nonionic surfactants, kuyilapho izinzinzisi zegwebu ezisetshenziswe ekugcineni zingama-polymer surfactants e-fluorine.
I-fracturing fluid engezwani namanzi isebenzisa ingxube yotshwala (efana ne-ethylene glycol) namafutha (njengophalafini) njengendawo yokuhlakaza, i-carbon dioxide ewuketshezi njengesigaba sokuhlakazeka, kanye ne-sulfate-salted polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether njengesifaki-simboli.Noma i-emulsion noma igwebu elakhiwe nge-ejenti enegwebu ukuze kuphuke ukwakheka okungezwani namanzi.
I-fracturing fluid esetshenziselwa ukuphuka kanye ne-acidification kokubili i-fracturing fluid kanye ne-acidifying fluid.Isetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwe-carbonate, futhi izinyathelo ezimbili zenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.Okuhlobene nama-surfactants igwebu le-asidi ne-emulsion ye-asidi.Eyangaphambili isebenzisa i-alkyl sulfonate noma i-alkyl benzene sulfonate njenge-ejenti ekhipha amagwebu, bese isebenzisa i-sulfonate surfactant njenge-emulsifier.Njengoketshezi olufaka i-asidi, uketshezi oluqhekekayo luphinde lusebenzise ama-surfactants njengama-emulsifiers, ama-drainage aid kanye nama-ejenti okubuyisela ukumanzisa, okungeke kuxoxwe ngakho lapha.
6. Sebenzisa ama-surfactants ukulawula iphrofayili kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimba amanzi
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokuthuthukiswa komjovo wamanzi futhi kucindezelwe izinga elikhuphukayo lokuqukethwe kwamanzi kawoyela ongahluziwe, kuyadingeka ukulungisa iphrofayili yokumuncwa kwamanzi emithonjeni yomjovo wamanzi nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa ngokuvala amanzi emithonjeni yokukhiqiza.Ezinye zezindlela zokulawula iphrofayili nezindlela zokuvimba amanzi zivame ukusebenzisa ama-surfactants athile.
I-ejenti yokulawula iphrofayili yejeli ye-HPC/SDS yenziwe nge-hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) kanye ne-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) emanzini ahlanzekile.
I-sodium alkyl sulfonate kanye ne-alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride ngokulandelana zincibilika emanzini ukuze kulungiswe uketshezi olusebenzayo olubili, olujovwa ekwakhekeni ngokulandelana.Uketshezi olubili olusebenzayo luyasebenzisana ekubunjweni ukuze kukhiqizwe i-alkyl trimethylamine.I-sulfite igxuma futhi ivimbe isendlalelo esiphezulu sokungena.
I-Polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, i-alkyl aryl sulfonates, njll. ingasetshenziswa njengama-ejenti agwebu, ichithwe emanzini ukuze ilungise uketshezi olusebenzayo, bese ijova ekubunjweni ngokushintshana ne-liquid carbon dioxide esebenzayo uketshezi, ekubunjweni kwayo (ikakhulukazi ephezulu I-permeable). layer) yenza igwebu, ikhiqize ukuvaleka, futhi ibambe iqhaza ekulawuleni iphrofayili.
Kusetshenziswa i-quaternary ammonium surfactant njenge-ejenti enegwebu encibilikisiwe ku-asilic acid sol eyenziwe nge-ammonium sulfate nengilazi yamanzi bese ijova ekwakhekeni, bese ijova igesi engacondensable (igesi yemvelo noma i-chlorine), kungenziwa ifomu elisekelwe kuketshezi. ekwakhekeni kuqala.Igwebu ku-interlayer yokusabalalisa, okulandelwa ukugezwa kwe-asilic acid sol, ikhiqiza igwebu eliqinile njenge-dispersion medium, elidlala indima yokuxhuma ungqimba oluphezulu lokungena kanye nokulawula iphrofayili.
Ukusebenzisa ama-surfactants e-sulfonate njengama-foaming agents kanye ne-polymer compounds njengeziqinisi ze-foam eziqina, bese ujova igesi noma izinto ezikhiqiza igesi, igwebu elisekelwe emanzini likhiqizwa phansi noma ekubunjweni.Leligwebu lisebenza phezulu ongqimbeni lwamafutha.Inani elikhulu le-ejenti lithuthela ku-interface yamafutha-amanzi, okubangela ukubhujiswa kwegwebu, ngakho-ke alivimbeli ungqimba lwamafutha.Kuyi-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi ekhethiwe kanye ne-oyela.
I-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi esekelwe ku-oyela iwukumiswa kukasimende emafutheni.Ingaphezulu likasimende liyi-hydrophilic.Lapho ingena ongqimbeni olukhiqiza amanzi, amanzi asusa ukuxhumana phakathi komthombo kawoyela kanye nosimende ongaphezulu kukasimende, okwenza usimende uqine futhi uvimbele ungqimba olukhiqiza amanzi.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-fluidity yalesi sithako sokuxhuma, i-carboxylate ne-sulfonate surfactants ivamise ukungezwa.
I-ejenti evimba amanzi encibilika emanzini e-micellar iyisisombululo se-micellar ikakhulukazi esakhiwe i-petroleum ammonium sulfonate, ama-hydrocarbon nama-alcohol.Iqukethe amanzi anosawoti aphezulu ekubunjweni futhi iba yi-viscous ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokuvimbela amanzi..
Isixazululo se-cationic surfactant esisekelwe emanzini esisekelwe emanzini sisekelwe ku-alkyl carboxylate kanye ne-alkyl ammonium chloride salt active agents futhi ifaneleka kuphela ukwakheka kwe-sandstone.
Uwoyela osindayo osebenzayo ovimba amanzi uwuhlobo lwamafutha asindayo ancibilikiswe nge-emulsifier yamanzi angamafutha.Ikhiqiza i-emulsion yamanzi e-viscous kakhulu yamafutha ngemva kokubunjwa kuchithwa ukuze kufezeke injongo yokuvimbela amanzi.
I-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi emanzini ilungiswa ngokufaka uwoyela osindayo emanzini usebenzisa i-cationic surfactant njenge-emulsifier yamafutha emanzini.
7. Sebenzisa ama-surfactants ngezinyathelo zokulawula isihlabathi
Ngaphambi kokusebenza kokulawula isihlabathi, inani elithile lamanzi acushiwe alungiselelwe nama-surfactants adinga ukujovwa njengoketshezi lwangaphambili ukuze kuhlanzwe ngaphambilini ukwakheka ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokulawula isihlabathi.Njengamanje, ama-surfactants asetshenziswa kakhulu ama-anionic surfactants.
8. I-surfactant yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kawoyela ongahluziwe
Ezigabeni zokuqala nezesibili zokubuyisela uwoyela, ama-demulsifiers wamanzi ngamafutha avame ukusetshenziselwa uwoyela ongahluziwe okhishiwe.Kuthuthukiswe izizukulwane ezintathu zemikhiqizo.Isizukulwane sokuqala yi-carboxylate, i-sulfate ne-sulfonate.Isizukulwane sesibili ama-non-molecular surfactants aphansi afana ne-OP, i-Pingpingjia kanye namafutha e-castor ane-sulfonated.Isizukulwane sesithathu yi-polymer nonionic surfactant.
Ezigabeni zakamuva zokubuyiswa kukawoyela wesibili kanye nokutholwa kukawoyela wezinga eliphezulu, uwoyela ongahluziwe okhiqiziwe ngokuvamile utholakala ngendlela ye-emulsion kawoyela emanzini.Kunezinhlobo ezine zama-demulsifiers asetshenzisiwe, njenge-tetradecyltrimethyloxyammonium chloride kanye ne-didecyldimethylammonium chloride.Bangakwazi ukusabela ngama-anionic emulsifiers ukuze baguqule inani labo lebhalansi kawoyela we-hydrophilic, noma I-Adsorbed ebusweni bezinhlayiya zobumba ezimanzi, ukushintsha ukumanzi kwazo nokubhubhisa ama-emulsions kawoyela emanzini.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-anionic surfactants kanye nama-nonionic surfactants ancibilika uwoyela angasetshenziswa njengama-emulsifiers wamanzi ngamafutha angasetshenziswa futhi njengama-demulsifiers kuma-emulsions kawoyela emanzini.
- Ama-surfactants okwelapha amanzi
Ngemva kokuba uketshezi olukhiqiza umthombo kawoyela seluhlukaniswe kuwoyela ongahluziwe, amanzi akhiqiziwe adinga ukuphathwa ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zokujova kabusha.Kunezinjongo eziyisithupha zokuhlanza amanzi, okungukuthi ukuvimbela ukugqwala, ukuvimbela isikali, ukuvala inzalo, ukukhishwa komoyampilo, ukususwa kukawoyela kanye nokususwa kwento eqinile emisiwe.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-corrosion inhibitors, ama-anti-scaling agents, ama-bactericides, ama-oxygen scavengers, ama-degreasers nama-flocculants, njll. Izici ezilandelayo zibandakanya ama-surfactants ezimbonini:
Ama-surfactants asezimbonini asetshenziswa njengama-corrosion inhibitors ahlanganisa usawoti we-alkyl sulfonic acid, i-alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, i-perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid, usawoti we-alkyl amine oqondile, usawoti we-quaternary ammonium, nosawoti we-alkyl pyridine., usawoti we-imidazoline kanye nokuphuma kwawo, i-polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, i-polyoxyethylene dialkyl propargyl alcohol, i-polyoxyethylene rosin amine, i-polyoxyethylene stearylamine kanye ne-polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers Alkyl sulfonanary sulfonary, i-ammopolyenium ehlukahlukene yosawoti yangaphakathi kanye ne-ammopolyenium yabo yangaphakathi okuphuma kokunye.
Ama-surfactants asetshenziswa njengama-antifouling afaka usawoti we-phosphate ester, usawoti we-sulfate ester, ama-acetates, ama-carboxylates kanye nezinhlanganisela zawo ze-polyoxyethylene.Ukuzinza okushisayo kosawoti we-sulfonate ester nosawoti we-carboxylate kungcono kakhulu kunosawoti we-phosphate ester nosawoti we-sulfate ester.
Ama-surfactants asezimbonini asetshenziswa kuma-fungicides ahlanganisa usawoti we-alkylamine oqondile, usawoti we-quaternary ammonium, usawoti we-alkylpyridinium, usawoti we-imidazoline kanye nokuphuma kwawo, usawoti omningi we-quaternary ammonium, i-di(polyoxy) Vinyl) i-alkyl kanye nosawoti wangaphakathi wokuphuma kwawo.
Ama-surfactants asezimbonini asetshenziswa kuma-degreasers ikakhulukazi ama-surfactants anezakhiwo ezinamagatsha namaqembu e-sodium dithiocarboxylate.
10. I-surfactant yokugcwala kwamafutha amakhemikhali
Ukubuyiselwa kukawoyela okuyisisekelo nokwesibili kungabuyisa u-25% -50% kawoyela ongahluziwe ongaphansi komhlaba, kodwa kusekhona uwoyela ongahluziwe omningi osasele ungaphansi komhlaba futhi ongatholakali.Ukwenza kabusha uwoyela emazingeni aphezulu kungathuthukisa ukutholwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe.Ukuthola kabusha kukawoyela emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu kusebenzisa indlela yokugcwala kwamakhemikhali, okungukuthi, ukwengeza izinto ezithile zamakhemikhali emanzini ajovwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezikhukhula zamanzi.Phakathi kwamakhemikhali asetshenziswayo, amanye ama-surfactants asezimbonini.Isingeniso esifushane kubo simi kanje:
Indlela yokukhukhula kawoyela wamakhemikhali isebenzisa i-surfactant njengoba i-ejenti eyinhloko ibizwa ngokuthi yi-surfactant flooding.Ama-surfactants ikakhulukazi abamba iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni ukutholakala kukawoyela ngokunciphisa ukungezwani phakathi kobuso bamanzi kawoyela nokwandisa inani lama-capillaries.Njengoba ingaphezulu lokwakheka kwe-sandstone likhokhiswa kabi, ama-surfactants asetshenziswayo ikakhulukazi ama-anionic surfactants, futhi iningi lawo angama-sulfonate surfactants.Yenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-sulfonating agent (efana ne-sulfur trioxide) ukuze i-sulfonate izingxenye ze-petroleum ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-hydrocarbon enephunga elimnandi, bese iyancipha nge-alkali.Ukucaciswa kwayo: into esebenzayo 50% -80%, uwoyela wamaminerali 5% -30%, amanzi 2% -20%, sodium sulfate 1% -6%.I-Petroleum sulfonate ayimelani nezinga lokushisa, usawoti, noma ama-ion ensimbi anenani eliphezulu.Ama-synthetic sulfonates alungiswa kusuka kuma-hydrocarbon ahambisanayo kusetshenziswa izindlela zokwenziwa ezihambisanayo.Phakathi kwazo, i-α-olefin sulfonate imelana ikakhulukazi nosawoti kanye nama-ion ensimbi ane-valent ephezulu.Amanye ama-surfactants e-anionic-nonionic nama-carboxylate surfactants angasetshenziswa futhi ekususeni uwoyela.Ukususwa kukawoyela we-surfactant kudinga izinhlobo ezimbili zezithasiselo: eyodwa i-co-surfactant, njenge-isobutanol, i-diethylene glycol butyl ether, i-urea, i-sulfolane, i-alkenylene benzene sulfonate, njll., kanti enye i-dielectric , kuhlanganise nosawoti we-asidi ne-alkali, ikakhulukazi usawoti, okunganciphisa i-hydrophilicity ye-surfactant futhi kwandise i-lipophilicity, futhi futhi kuguqule inani lebhalansi ye-hydrophilic-lipophilic ye-ejenti esebenzayo.Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwe-surfactant futhi kuthuthukiswe imiphumela yezomnotho, izikhukhula ze-surfactant zisebenzisa amakhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi ama-sacrificial agents.Izinto ezingasetshenziswa njengama-agent omhlatshelo zihlanganisa izinto ezine-alkaline nama-polycarboxylic acid nosawoti wawo.Ama-oligomers nama-polymers nawo angasetshenziswa njengama-agent omhlatshelo.I-Lignosulfonates kanye nokuguqulwa kwayo kungama-agent omhlatshelo.
Indlela yokususa uwoyela kusetshenziswa ama-ejenti ayinhloko amakhemikhali asusa uwoyela amabili noma ngaphezulu ibizwa ngokuthi izikhukhula eziyinhlanganisela.Le ndlela yokugudluza uwoyela ehlobene nama-surfactants ihlanganisa: i-surfactant ne-polymer egqinsiwe izikhukhula ze-surfactant;Izikhukhula ze-alkali ezithuthukisiwe nezikhukhula ze-alkali + i-surfactant noma izikhukhula ze-alkali ezithuthukisiwe;izikhukhula ezihlanganisiwe ezisekelwe ezintweni ezine-alkali + surfactant + polymer.Izikhukhula eziyinhlanganisela ngokuvamile zinezici zokutakula eziphezulu kunedrayivu eyodwa.Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwamanje kwezitayela zentuthuko ekhaya naphesheya, izikhukhula ze-ternary compound zinezinzuzo eziphakeme kunezikhukhula ezihlanganisiwe kanambambili.Ama-surfactants asetshenziswa ezikhukhuleni ze-ternary composite ikakhulukazi i-petroleum sulfonates, imvamisa futhi asetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa ne-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid kanye ne-carboxylates ye-polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, kanye ne-polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol alkyl sulfonate sodium nosawoti.njll ukuthuthukisa ukubekezelela usawoti.Muva nje, ekhaya nasemazweni angaphandle kuye kwanamathisela ukubaluleka okukhulu ocwaningweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwama-biosurfactants, njenge-rhamnolipid, umhluzi we-sophorolipid fermentation, njll., kanye nama-carboxylate axubile emvelo kanye nokwenza iphepha ngomkhiqizo we-alkali lignin, njll., futhi bazuze imiphumela emihle emkhakheni nokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi.Umphumela omuhle wokususa uwoyela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-26-2023