I-surfactants ibhekisela kwizinto ezinokunciphisa kakhulu ukunyanzeliswa komphezulu wesisombululo esijoliswe kuyo, ngokubanzi ukuba namaqela aqingqiweyo e-hydrophilic kunye ne-lipophilic anokuthi ahlelwe ngendlela ekhokelela kumphezulu wesisombululo.Ii-surfactants ikakhulu ziquka iindidi ezimbini: ii-ionic surfactants kunye nee-non-ionic surfactants.I-Ionic surfactants ikwabandakanya iindidi ezintathu: i-anionic surfactants, i-cationic surfactants, kunye ne-zwitterionic surfactants.
Umphezulu wekhonkco loshishino lwe-surfactant kukubonelela ngezinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-ethylene, i-alcohol enamafutha, i-fatty acids, ioli yesundu, kunye ne-ethylene oxide;I-midstream inoxanduva lokuvelisa kunye nokuveliswa kweemveliso ezihlukeneyo, kuquka i-polyols, i-polyoxyethylene ethers, i-fatty alcohol ether sulfates, njl.Ezantsi, isetyenziswa kakhulu kumasimi anjengokutya, izithambiso, ukucocwa kwemizi-mveliso, ukuprintwa kwelaphu kunye nokudaya, kunye neemveliso zokuhlamba.
Ukusuka kwimbono yemarike esezantsi, ishishini lokucoca yeyona ndawo iphambili yesicelo se-surfactants, ibalwa ngaphezulu kwe-50% yemfuno esezantsi.Izinto zokuthambisa, ukucocwa kwemizi-mveliso, kunye nokuprintwa kwamalaphu kunye nokudaya zonke zithatha malunga ne-10%.Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo loqoqosho lwaseTshayina kunye nokwandiswa kwesikali semveliso yemizi-mveliso, imveliso iyonke kunye neentengiso ze-surfactants ziye zagcina ukuhambela phezulu.Ngo-2022, ukuveliswa kwee-surfactants e-China kudlule iitoni ze-4.25 yezigidi, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka malunga ne-4%, kwaye umthamo wentengiso wawumalunga ne-4.2 yezigidi zeetoni, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka malunga ne-2%.
I-China ngumvelisi omkhulu wee-surfactants.Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yobugcisa bemveliso, iimveliso zethu ziye zafumana ukuqondwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yomgangatho wazo kunye neenzuzo zokusebenza, kwaye zinemarike ebanzi yaphesheya kweelwandle.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isixa sokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe sigcine umkhwa okhulayo.Ngo-2022, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwe-surfactants e-China wawumalunga neetoni ezingama-870000, ukonyuka konyaka-ngonyaka malunga ne-20%, ubukhulu becala bathunyelwa kumazwe nakwimimandla efana neRussia, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia, njl.
Ngokombono wesakhiwo semveliso, ukuveliswa kwe-non-ionic surfactants e-China ngo-2022 malunga ne-2.1 yezigidi zeetoni, kubalwa phantse i-50% yemveliso epheleleyo ye-surfactants, ibeka kuqala.Imveliso ye-anionic surfactants malunga ne-1.7 yezigidi zeetoni, ibalwa malunga ne-40%, ibeka okwesibini.Ezi zimbini zezona mveliso ziphambili zokwahlulwa kwe-surfactants.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ilizwe likhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo efana "neSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu ye-14 yoPhuhliso oluPhezulu loShishino lwe-Surfactant", "iSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu se-14 soPhuhliso oluPhezulu loShishino lweZicoci zaseTshayina", kunye "neSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu ye-14. kuPhuhliso lwezoShishino oluHlaza” ukudala imeko-bume yophuhliso elungileyo yoshishino lwe-surfactant, ukukhuthaza inguqu kushishino nokuphuculwa, nokuphuhlisa ngokubhekiselele kuhlaza, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu.
Okwangoku, kukho abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi kwimarike, kwaye ukhuphiswano lweshishini lunzima kakhulu.Okwangoku, kusekho iingxaki kwishishini le-surfactant, njengetekhnoloji yemveliso yakudala, amaziko okhuselo lokusingqongileyo akumgangatho ophantsi, kunye nokungonelanga kweemveliso zexabiso eliphezulu.Ushishino lusenendawo ebalulekileyo yophuhliso.Kwixesha elizayo, phantsi kwesikhokelo semigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe kunye nokukhetha ukusinda kunye nokupheliswa kwemarike, ukudityaniswa kunye nokupheliswa kwamashishini kwishishini le-surfactant kuya kuba rhoqo, kwaye ukugxila kweshishini kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke ngakumbi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-10-2023