Ukusetyenziswa kweii-surfactantskwimveliso yentsimi yeoli
1. I-surfactants esetyenziselwa ukomba ioli enzima
Ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwe-oyile enzima, kuzisa ubunzima obuninzi kwimigodi.Ukuze ukhuphe la mafutha anzima, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukujova isisombululo esimanzi se-surfactant downhole ukuguqula i-oyile enzima ye-viscosity ephezulu ibe yi-emulsion ye-oil-in-water emulsion ephantsi kwaye uyikhuphe phezulu.I-surfactants esetyenziswe kule ndlela yokunciphisa i-oyile enzima kunye ne-viscosity yokunciphisa ibandakanya i-alkyl sulfonate ye-sodium, i-polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, i-polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, i-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, i-polyoxyethylene iVinyl alkyl-alcohol alkyl-alcohol, i-alkyl-alcohol alkyl-alcohol. Iimfuno eziveliswayo zokwahlula amanzi kwaye zisebenzise ezinye ii-surfactants zemizi-mveliso njengezisusa zokususa amanzi emzimbeni.Ezi zidemulsifiers zizinyibilikisi zamanzi-kwi-oyile.Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa i-cationic surfactants okanye i-naphthenic acids, i-asphaltonic acids kunye neetyuwa zazo ezininzi zetsimbi.
I-oyile enzima ekhethekileyo ayinakuchithwa ngamacandelo okumpompa okuqhelekileyo kwaye idinga inaliti ye-steam ukubuyiswa kwe-thermal.Ukuphucula umphumo wokubuyisela i-thermal, i-surfactants kufuneka isetyenziswe.Ukutofa igwebu kwisitofu somphunga kakuhle, oko kukuthi, ukutofa iarhente yogwebu olunobushushu obuphezulu kunye nerhasi engacondensable, yenye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zokumodareyitha.
Ii-agent ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo zi-alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers kunye ne-sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, njl. i-oyile, zezona arhente zifanelekileyo zobushushu bobushushu obuphezulu.Ukuze wenze i-oyile esasaziweyo idlule ngokulula kwisakhiwo somqala we-pore of the formation, okanye ukwenza ioli kumphezulu wokwakheka lula ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-surfactant ebizwa ngokuba yi-agent diffusing agent.Eyona isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-oxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surface activity.iarhente.
- Izinto ezisetyenziswa ekugrunjweni i-oyile ekrwada enewaxy
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile ekrwada ekrwada kufuna uthintelo lwewax rhoqo kunye nokususwa kwewax.I-surfactants isebenza njenge-wax inhibitors kunye ne-wax removers.Kukho i-oyile-enyibilikayo surfactants kunye surfactants amanzi-enyibilikayo ezisetyenziselwa anti-wax.Owangaphambili udlala indima echasene ne-wax ngokuguqula iimpawu ze-wax crystal surface.Idla ngokusetyenziswa ioyile-enyibilikayo surfactants petroleum sulfonates kunye amine surfactants.I-surfactants enyibilikayo emanzini idlala indima echasene newax ngokuguqula iimpawu zemigangatho eyenziwe ngomthwebeba (efana nemibhobho yeoli, iisucker rods kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza).surfactants ezikhoyo ziquka sodium alkyl sulfonates, iityuwa quaternary ammonium, alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatics hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers kunye neetyuwa zabo sulfonate sodium, njl. Surfactants ezisetyenziselwa ukususwa wax nazo zahlulwe zibe ziinkalo ezimbini.I-oil-soluble surfactants isetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-wax esekwe kwi-oyile, kunye nohlobo lwe-sulfonate enyibilikayo emanzini, uhlobo lwetyuwa ye-quaternary ammonium, uhlobo lwe-polyether, uhlobo lwe-Tween, i-OP yohlobo lwe-surfactants, i-Sulfate-based okanye i-sulfo-alkylated flat-type kunye nohlobo lwe-OP.i-surfactants zisetyenziswa kwizinto zokususa iwax esekwe emanzini.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abasusi be-wax basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe baye badityaniswa ngokwemvelo, kwaye i-oyile-based-wax removers kunye ne-wax-based-wax removers ziye zadityaniswa ngokwemvelo ukuze zivelise i-wax removers.Esi sisisusi sisebenzisa iihydrocarbons ezinevumba elimnandi kunye neehydrocarbons ezinevumba elimnandi njengesigaba se-oyile, kwaye sisebenzisa i-emulsifier enesiphumo sokucoca umthwebeba njengesigaba samanzi.Xa i-emulsifier ekhethiweyo yi-surfactant ye-nonionic enendawo yefu efanelekileyo, iqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kwecandelo le-wax yequla le-oyile linokufikelela okanye ligqithise indawo yalo yelifu, ukwenzela ukuba i-wax remover edibeneyo ingakwazi. , kunye nee-agent ezimbini zokucoca i-wax zihlukanisiwe, ezidlala ngaxeshanye indima yokucoca i-wax.
3. Ii-surfactantsesetyenziselwa ukuzinzisa udongwe
Ukuzinzisa udongwe luhlukaniswe kwiinkalo ezimbini: ukuthintela ukwandiswa kwamaminerali odongwe kunye nokuthintela ukufuduka kwamasuntswana amaminerali odongwe.I-Cationic surfactants efana ne-amine salt type, i-quaternary ammonium salt type, i-pyridinium salt type, kunye ne-imidazoline ityuwa ingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukudumba kodongwe.I-Fluorine equkethe i-nonionic-cationic surfactants iyafumaneka ukukhusela i-particle mineral migration.
4. Ii-surfactantsisetyenziswe kumanyathelo okwenza iasidi
Ukuze kuphuculwe umphumo we-acidification, iintlobo zezongezo zongezwa ngokubanzi kwisisombululo se-asidi.Nayiphi na i-surfactant ehambelana nesisombululo se-asidi kwaye ibhengezwa ngokulula ngokubunjwa ingasetyenziselwa njenge-acidification retardant.Ezifana namanqatha amine hydrochloride, quaternary ammonium ityuwa, pyridine ityuwa surfactants cationic kunye sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate ester enetyuwa okanye sulfate ester anetyuwa polyoxyethylene alkanes kwi amphoteric surfactants isiseko phenol ether, njl ezifana surfactants acidity kunye netyuwa alkanes ethile, ezifana dosfamine alkanes alkanes kunye netyuwa, njl. , inokumisela ulwelo lwe-asidi kwioli ukuvelisa i-acid-in-oil emulsion.Le emulsion ingasetyenziswa njengolwelo olune-asidi kwimizi-mveliso kwaye idlala indima ebambekayo.
Ezinye ii-surfactants zinokusetyenziswa njenge-anti-emulsifiers kulwelo olufaka iasidi.I-surfactants enezakhiwo ezinamagatsha ezifana ne-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether kunye ne-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine ingasetyenziswa njenge-acidifying anti-emulsifiers.
Ezinye ii-surfactants zinokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokukhupha amanzi ezingenayo iasidi.Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukukhupha amanzi ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe njengoncedo lokukhupha amanzi ziquka uhlobo lwetyuwa ye-amine, uhlobo lwetyuwa lwe-quaternary ammonium, uhlobo lwetyuwa lwepyridinium, i-nonionic, i-amphoteric kunye ne-fluorine-containing surfactants.
Ezinye ii-surfactants zingasetyenziswa njenge-acidifying anti-sludge agents, ezifana ne-oil-soluble surfactants, ezifana ne-alkylphenols, fatty acids, alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, quaternary ammonium salts, njl. kwisisombululo seasidi.
Ukuze kuphuculwe isiphumo se-asidi, i-agent ebuyisela umva yokumanzi kufuneka yongezwe kwisisombululo se-asidi ukuguqula ukumanzi kwendawo ekufutshane ne-wellbore ukusuka kwi-lipophilic ukuya kwi-hydrophilic.Imixube ye-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers kunye ne-phosphate-salted polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers ibhengezwa ngokubunjwa ukuze yenze umaleko wesithathu we-adsorption, odlala indima ekumanzini nasekubuyiseleni umva.
Ukongeza, kukho ezinye i-surfactants, ezifana ne-amine hydrochloride enamafutha, ityuwa ye-quaternary ammonium okanye i-nonionic-anionic surfactant, esetyenziswa njengeejenti ezikhupha ugwebu ukwenza ulwelo olusebenzayo lwe-foam ukuphumeza injongo yokunciphisa umhlwa kunye ne-acidification enzulu, okanye iiFoam zenziwe. ukusuka koku kwaye isetyenziswe njengolwelo lwangaphambili lwe-acidification.Emva kokuba zijojowe ekubunjweni, isisombululo se-asidi sijojowe.Isiphumo se-Jamin esiveliswa ngamaqamza kwi-foam sinokuphambukisa ulwelo lwe-asidi, ukunyanzela ulwelo lwe-asidi ukuba lunyibilikise ikakhulu umaleko ophantsi wokungena, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe isiphumo se-asidi.
5. Ii-surfactants ezisetyenziswa kwimilinganiselo yokuqhekeka
Amanyathelo okuqhekeza ahlala esetyenziswa kwiindawo zeoli eziphantsi.Basebenzisa uxinzelelo lokuvula ukubunjwa ukwenza iifractures, kwaye basebenzise i-proppant ukuxhasa iifractures ukunciphisa ukuchasana nokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokufezekisa injongo yokwandisa imveliso kunye nokuqwalaselwa.Olunye ulwelo oluqhekezayo lwenziwe ngee-surfactants njengenye yezithako.
I-oyile-in-water fracturing fluids yenziwe ngamanzi, ioli kunye ne-emulsifiers.Ii-emulsifiers ezisetyenzisiweyo zi-ionic, i-nonionic kunye ne-amphoteric surfactants.Ukuba amanzi aqiniweyo asetyenziswa njengesigaba sangaphandle kunye neoli isetyenziswe njengesigaba sangaphakathi, i-oyile ekhuniweyo emanzini e-fracturing fluid (i-polymer emulsion) inokulungiswa.Le fracturing fluid ingasetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-160°C kwaye inokwaphula ngokuzenzekelayo i-emulsions kunye nokukhupha ulwelo.
I-Foam fracturing fluid yi-fracturing fluid esebenzisa amanzi njenge-dispersion medium kunye negesi njengesigaba esichithakeleyo.Amacandelo ayo aphambili ngamanzi, igesi kunye ne-agent agent.I-alkyl sulfonates, i-alkyl benzene sulfonates, i-alkyl sulfate ester salts, i-quaternary ammonium salts kunye ne-OP surfactants zonke zingasetyenziswa njengezinto ezikhupha ugwebu.Ukuxinwa kwe-ejenti yogwebu emanzini ngokuqhelekileyo yi-0.5-2%, kwaye umlinganiselo wesigaba segesi umthamo we-foam uphakathi kwe-0.5-0.9.
I-oyile-based fracturing fluid yi-fracturing fluid eyenziwe nge-oyile njenge-solvent okanye i-dispersion medium.Eyona oyile isetyenziswa kakhulu kwisiza yioyile ekrwada okanye iqhekeza layo elinzima.Ukuze kuphuculwe i-viscosity yayo kunye neempawu zeqondo lokushisa, i-oil-soluble petroleum sulfonate (i-molecular weight 300-750) kufuneka ifakwe.Ulwelo olusekwe kwi-oyile olusekwe kwi-oyile lukwabandakanya ulwelo oluqhekezayo lwe-oyile kunye ne-oyile eqhekezayo.I-emulsifiers esetyenziswe ngaphambili zi-anionic surfactants ezinyibilikayo kwi-oyile, i-cationic surfactants kunye ne-nonionic surfactants, ngelixa i-foam stabilizers esetyenziswe kokugqibela i-fluorine-equlethe i-polymer surfactants.
Ulwakhiwo lwe-fracturing fluid lusebenzisa umxube wotywala (olufana ne-ethylene glycol) kunye ne-oyile (efana ne-kerosene) njenge-dispersion medium, i-carbon dioxide engamanzi njenge-dispersed phase, kunye ne-sulfate-salted polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether njenge-emulsifier.Okanye i-emulsion okanye i-foam eyenziwe nge-ejenti ekhupha amagwebu ukuqhekeza ukubunjwa kwamanzi.
Ulwelo oluqhekezayo olusetyenziselwa ukuqhekeka kunye ne-acidification zombini lulwelo oluqhekezayo kunye nolwelo oluneasidi.Isetyenziswe kwi-carbonate formations, kwaye imilinganiselo emibini iqhutywe ngaxeshanye.Okunxulumene ne-surfactants yi-acid foam kunye ne-emulsion ye-asidi.Eyangaphambili isebenzisa i-alkyl sulfonate okanye i-alkyl benzene sulfonate njenge-agent ekhupha ugwebu, kwaye le yokugqibela isebenzisa i-sulfonate surfactant njenge-emulsifier.Njengolwelo oluneasidi, ulwelo oluqhekezayo lukwasebenzisa ii-surfactants njenge-anti-emulsifiers, i-drainage aids kunye ne-wetting reversal agents, ezingazukuxoxwa apha.
6. Sebenzisa i-surfactants kulawulo lweprofayili kunye nemilinganiselo yokuthintela amanzi
Ukuze kuphuculwe isiphumo sophuhliso lwenaliti yamanzi kunye nokucinezela izinga lokunyuka kwesiqulatho samanzi e-oyile ekrwada, kuyafuneka ukulungelelanisa iprofayili yokufunxa amanzi kwimithombo yokutofa kwamanzi kunye nokunyusa imveliso ngokuthintela amanzi kumaqula emveliso.Ezinye zeendlela zokulawula iprofayili kunye neendlela zokuvala amanzi zihlala zisebenzisa ezinye ii-surfactants.
I-HPC / i-SDS ye-gel i-agent yokulawula iphrofayili ye-gel yenziwe nge-hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) kunye ne-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) emanzini amatsha.
I-sodium alkyl sulfonate kunye ne-alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride zinyibilika ngokulandelelana emanzini ukuze kulungiswe ulwelo ezimbini ezisebenzayo, ezithi zitofelwe kukwakheka omnye emva komnye.Amanzi amabini asebenzayo asebenzisana nomnye ekubunjweni ukuvelisa i-alkyl trimethylamine.I-sulfite iyancipha kwaye ivimba umaleko ophezulu wokungena.
Polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, alkyl aryl sulfonates, njl. ingasetyenziswa njengeejenti ezigwebu, inyibilikiswe emanzini ukulungiselela ulwelo olusebenzayo, kwaye emva koko itofwe kulwakhiwo ngokutshintshanayo kunye nolwelo lwekharbon diokside yokusebenza ulwelo, nje ekubunjweni (ubukhulu becala obuphezulu. layer) yenza igwebu, ivelise ukuvaleka, kwaye idlala indima kulawulo lweprofayili.
Ukusebenzisa i-quaternary ammonium surfactant njenge-arhente ephuphumayo inyibilikiswa kwi-asilic acid sol eyenziwe nge-ammonium sulfate kunye neglasi yamanzi kunye nokutofa kwi-formation, kunye nokutofa igesi engacondensable (igesi yendalo okanye i-chlorine), ifom esekelwe kulwelo inokuveliswa. ekwakhekeni kuqala.I-foam kwi-interlayer ye-dispersion, ilandelwa yi-gelation ye-asilic acid sol, ivelisa i-foam eqinile njenge-dispersion medium, edlala indima yokuplaga i-high permeability layer kunye nokulawula iphrofayili.
Ukusebenzisa i-surfactants ye-sulfonate njenge-agent e-foaming kunye ne-polymer compounds njenge-stabilizers ye-foam eqinayo, kwaye emva koko ifake igesi okanye i-gas-generating substances, i-foam esekelwe emanzini yenziwa phantsi okanye ekubunjweni.Olu gwebu lusebenza kumphezulu womaleko we-oyile.Isixa esikhulu se-agent sishukuthela kwi-interface yeoli-amanzi, ebangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-foam, ngoko ayithinteli i-oil layer.I-agent ekhethiweyo kunye ne-oyile yokuthintela amanzi.
I-oyile esekelwe kwi-agent yokuthintela amanzi kukumiswa kwesamente kwioli.Umphezulu wesamente yi-hydrophilic.Xa ingena kumaleko okuvelisa amanzi, amanzi ayayisusa intsebenziswano phakathi kwequla leoli kunye nesamente kumphezulu wesamente, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isamente iqine kwaye ivale umaleko ovelisa amanzi.Ukuze kuphuculwe ubumanzi bale arhente yokuplaga, i-carboxylate kunye ne-sulfonate surfactants zihlala zongezwa.
I-water-based micellar liquid-soluble water-blocking agent sisisombululo se-micellar ikakhulu siqulunqwe yi-petroleum ammonium sulfonate, i-hydrocarbons kunye ne-alcohols.Iqulethe amanzi aphezulu etyuwa ekubunjweni kwaye iba yi-viscous ukufezekisa umphumo wokuthintela amanzi..
Isisombululo se-cationic surfactant samanzi esisekelwe kumanzi okanye i-oyile sisekelwe kwi-alkyl carboxylate kunye ne-alkyl ammonium chloride ityuwa esebenzayo kwaye ifanelekile kuphela kwi-sandstone formations.
I-agent esebenzayo yokuthintela amanzi e-oyile enzima luhlobo lweoli enzima enyibilikisiweyo nge-emulsifier yamanzi e-oyile.Ivelisa i-emulsion yamanzi e-viscous kakhulu kwi-oyile emva kokuba ukubunjwa kunqanyulwe ukufezekisa injongo yokuthintela amanzi.
I-oil-in-water-blocking agent ilungiswa ngokufaka i-oyile enzima emanzini usebenzisa i-cationic surfactant njenge-emulsifier yamanzi emanzini.
7. Sebenzisa ii-surfactants kumanyathelo okulawula isanti
Ngaphambi kokusebenza kokulawulwa kwesanti, umlinganiselo othile wamanzi acushiweyo alungiselelwe kunye ne-surfactants kufuneka afakwe njenge-pre-fluid ukucoca kwangaphambili ukubunjwa ukuphucula umphumo wokulawula isanti.Okwangoku, uninzi lwee-surfactants ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zi-anionic surfactants.
8. I-surfactant ye-oyile ekrwada yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
Kwinqanaba lokuqala kunye nenqanaba lesibini lokubuyisela ioli, i-demulsifiers yamanzi e-oyile isoloko isetyenziselwa i-oyile ekrwada ekhutshiweyo.Izizukulwana ezithathu zeemveliso ziye zaphuhliswa.Isizukulwana sokuqala yi-carboxylate, i-sulfate kunye ne-sulfonate.Isizukulwana sesibini siphantsi kwee-molecular nonionic surfactants ezifana ne-OP, Pingpingjia kunye ne-sulfonated castor oil.Isizukulwana sesithathu yipolymer nonionic surfactant.
Kwinqanaba lamva lokubuyiswa kwe-oyile yesibini kunye nokubuyiswa kwe-oyile yenqanaba lesithathu, i-oyile ekrwada eveliswayo ubukhulu becala ikhona ngohlobo lwe-oyile-emanzini emulsion.Kukho iindidi ezine zezidemulisi ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezifana ne-tetradecyltrimethyloxyammonium chloride kunye ne-didecyldimethylammonium chloride.Bayakwazi ukusabela kunye ne-anionic emulsifiers ukuguqula ixabiso le-oyile ye-hydrophilic, okanye i-Adsorbed phezu kwendawo yamanzi yodongwe olumanzi, ukutshintsha ukumanzi kwabo kunye nokutshabalalisa i-emulsions yeoli emanzini.Ukongeza, ezinye ii-anionic surfactants kunye ne-oil-soluble nonionic surfactants ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe njengeemulsifiers zamanzi kwi-oyile nazo zinokusetyenziswa njenge-demulsifiers ye-oyile emanzini emanzini.
- Ii-surfactants zokucoca amanzi
Emva kokuba ulwelo oluvelisa umthombo we-oyile lwahluliwe kwi-oyile ekrwada, amanzi avelisiweyo kufuneka acocwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokugalelwa kwakhona.Kukho iinjongo ezintandathu zokucocwa kwamanzi, ezizezi, ukuthintela umhlwa, uthintelo lwesikali, ukuvala inzala, ukususwa kweoksijini, ukususwa kwe-oyile kunye nokususwa kwezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo.Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-corrosion inhibitors, i-anti-scaling agents, i-bactericides, i-oxygen scavengers, i-degreasers kunye ne-flocculants, njl.
I-Industrial surfactants esetyenziswa njenge-corrosion inhibitors iquka iityuwa ze-alkyl sulfonic acid, i-alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, i-perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid, i-alkyl amine salts ecacileyo, i-quaternary ammonium salts, kunye ne-alkyl pyridine salts., iityuwa ze imidazoline kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene dialkyl propargyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene rosin amine, polyoxyethylene stearylamine kunye ne polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers Alkyl sulfanary sulfonary, ammopolyenium yetyuwa yangaphakathi, ityuwa yangaphakathi neammopolyolyo yangaphakathi. izinto eziphuma kuyo.
Izinto ezisetyenziswa njenge-antifouling agents ziquka iityuwa ze-phosphate ester, iityuwa zesulfate ester, iiacetates, ii-carboxylates kunye neekhompawundi zazo ze-polyoxyethylene.Uzinzo lwe-thermal yeetyuwa ze-sulfonate ester kunye neetyuwa ze-carboxylate zingcono kakhulu kunezo zetyuwa ze-phosphate ester kunye ne-sulfate ester salts.
I-industrial surfactants esetyenziswa kwi-fungicides ibandakanya i-alkylamine salts, i-quaternary ammonium salts, i-alkylpyridinium salts, iityuwa ze-imidazoline kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo, iityuwa ezahlukeneyo ze-quaternary ammonium, i-di(polyoxy) iVinyl) ialkyl kunye neetyuwa zangaphakathi zezinto eziphuma kuyo.
I-industrial surfactants esetyenziswa kwi-degreasers ikakhulu i-surfactants enezakhiwo ezinamagatsha kunye namaqela e-sodium dithiocarboxylate.
10. I-surfactant ye-oyile yekhemikhali yokukhukula
Ukubuyiswa kwe-oyile yokuqala kunye neyesibini kunokubuyisela i-25% -50% ye-oyile ekrwada ephantsi komhlaba, kodwa kusekho i-oyile ekrwada eninzi esele iphantsi komhlaba kwaye ayinakufunyanwa kwakhona.Ukwenza ukubuyiswa kwe-oyile kwinqanaba eliphezulu kunokuphucula ukubuyiswa kwe-oyile ekrwada.Ukubuyiselwa kwe-oyile kwinqanaba eliphezulu kusetyenziswa indlela yokukhukula kweekhemikhali, oko kukuthi, ukongeza ii-agent zemichiza emanzini atofweyo ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuphuphuma kwamanzi.Phakathi kwemichiza esetyenziswayo, eminye yimizi-mveliso.Intshayelelo emfutshane kubo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Indlela yokukhukula kwe-oyile yeekhemikhali kusetyenziswa i-surfactant njengoko eyona arhente iphambili ibizwa ngokuba yi-surfactant flooding.Ii-surfactants ubukhulu becala zidlala indima ekuphuculeni ukubuyiswa kwe-oyile ngokunciphisa i-oyile-amanzi adibanisa ubuso kunye nokwandisa inani le-capillaries.Ekubeni umphezulu wokwakheka kwelitye lentlabathi uhlawuliswa kakubi, i-surfactants esetyenzisiweyo ikakhulu i-anionic surfactants, kwaye ininzi yazo i-sulfonate surfactants.Yenziwe ngokusebenzisa i-agent ye-sulfonating (efana ne-sulfur trioxide) kwi-sulfonate yamaqhezu e-petroleum kunye nomxholo ophezulu we-hydrocarbon omnandi, kwaye emva koko ungathathi hlangothi ngealkali.Iimpawu zayo: i-substance esebenzayo 50% -80%, ioli ye-mineral 5% -30%, amanzi 2% -20%, i-sodium sulfate 1% -6%.I-petroleum sulfonate ayimelani neqondo lokushisa, ityuwa, okanye i-ion zetsimbi ezinexabiso eliphezulu.I-Synthetic sulfonates ilungiswa ukusuka kwi-hydrocarbons ehambelanayo kusetyenziswa iindlela ezihambelanayo zokwenziwa.Phakathi kwabo, i-α-olefin sulfonate ixhatshazwa ngokukodwa kwityuwa kunye ne-ioni yensimbi ephezulu.Ezinye ii-anionic-nonionic surfactants kunye ne-carboxylate surfactants nazo zingasetyenziselwa ukufuduswa kweoyile.Ukufuduswa kwe-oyile ye-surfactant kufuna iindidi ezimbini zezongezo: enye yi-co-surfactant, efana ne-isobutanol, i-diethylene glycol butyl ether, i-urea, i-sulfolane, i-alkenylene benzene sulfonate, njl. enokunciphisa i-hydrophilicity ye-surfactant kunye nokwandisa i-lipophilicity, kunye nokutshintsha ixabiso le-hydrophilic-lipophilic balance ye-arhente esebenzayo.Ukuze kuncitshiswe ilahleko ye-surfactant kunye nokuphucula iziphumo zoqoqosho, isikhukula se-surfactant sisebenzisa iikhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba yi-sacrificial agents.Izinto ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe njengezinto zokubingelela ziquka izinto ze-alkaline kunye ne-polycarboxylic acids kunye neetyuwa zazo.Ii-oligomers kunye neepolymers nazo zingasetyenziswa njengeejenti zedini.I-Lignosulfonates kunye nokuguqulwa kwazo zii-agent zedini.
Indlela yokufuduswa kweoyile kusetyenziswa iikhemikhali ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zokufuduswa kweoyile zibizwa ngokuba zizikhukula ezidibeneyo.Le ndlela yokufuduswa kwe-oyile enxulumene ne-surfactants ibandakanya: i-surfactant kunye ne-polymer thickened surfactant flooding;Izandyondyo ze-alkali zokukhukula kwe-surfactant kunye ne-alkali + i-surfactant okanye i-surfactant-eyongeziweyo yezikhukhula zealkali;Izikhukula ezisekwe kwizinto ezidibeneyo ezinealkali + i-surfactant + polymer.Izikhukhula ezihlanganisiweyo ngokubanzi zinemiba ephezulu yokubuyisela kune drive enye.Ngokohlahlelo lwangoku lweendlela zophuhliso ekhaya naphesheya, izikhukhula ze-ternary compound zineenzuzo eziphezulu kunezandyondyo zokubini.I-surfactants esetyenziswa kwizikhukula ze-ternary composite ikakhulu yi-petroleum sulfonates, edla ngokusetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa ne-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid kunye ne-carboxylates ye-polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, kunye ne-polyoxyethylene alkyl alkyl alkyl alkyl sulfonate sodium salts.njl ukuphucula ukunyamezela kwayo ityuwa.Kutshanje, ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe bancamathisele ukubaluleka okukhulu kuphando kunye nokusetyenziswa biosurfactants, ezifana rhamnolipid, sophorolipid fermentation umhluzi, njalo njalo, kunye carboxylates zendalo ezixubeneyo kunye papermaking by-imveliso alkali lignin, njl., kwaye baphumelele iziphumo ezintle kwintsimi kunye novavanyo lwangaphakathi.Isiphumo esihle sokususa ioyile.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-26-2023