Kopo eali-surfactantstlhahiso ea masimo a oli
1. Li-surfactants tse sebelisetsoang ho rafa oli e boima
Ka lebaka la viscosity e phahameng le mokelikeli o fokolang oa oli e boima, e tlisa mathata a mangata merafong.E le ho ntša oli ena e boima, ka linako tse ling hoa hlokahala ho kenya tharollo ea metsi ea surfactant downhole ho fetola oli e boima e phahameng ea viscosity hore e be emulsion e tlaase ea oli-ka-metsing le ho e ntša holimo.Li-surfactants tse sebelisoang ka mokhoa ona o boima oa emulsification ea oli le mokhoa oa ho fokotsa viscosity li kenyelletsa sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Vinyl alkyl-alkil alkyl-alcohol alkyl-alcohol alkyl-alcohol. Litlhoko tse hlahisoang ho arola metsi le ho sebelisa li-surfactants tse ling tsa indasteri e le li-demulsifiers bakeng sa ho ntša metsi.Li-demulsifiers tsena ke li-emulsifiers tsa metsi ka har'a oli.Hangata e sebelisoa ke cationic surfactants kapa naphthenic acids, asphaltonic acid le matsoai a tsona a tšepe a mangata.
Oli e boima e khethehileng e ke ke ea rafshoa ka lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa ho pompa 'me e hloka ente ea mouoane bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa ha mocheso.Ho ntlafatsa phello ea ho hlaphoheloa ha mocheso, li-surfactants li hloka ho sebelisoa.Ho kenya foam ka har'a ente ea mouoane hantle, ke hore, ho kenya foam e nang le matla a phahameng a mocheso le khase e sa koaheleng, ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo ea ho feto-fetoha ha maemo.
Lintho tse sebelisoang hangata ke alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers le sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, joalo-joalo. oli, ke lisebelisoa tse loketseng tse futhumatsang mocheso o phahameng.E le ho etsa hore oli e qhalakantsoeng e fete habonolo ka pore ea 'metso ea sebopeho, kapa ho etsa hore oli e holim'a sebopeho e be bonolo ho lelekoa, ho hlokahala hore u sebelise surfactant e bitsoang filimi e senyang moemeli.E sebelisoang hangata ke ts'ebetso ea oxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surface.moemeli.
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- Li-surfactants tsa ho rafa oli e tala ea boka
Tšebeliso ea oli e tala e hloka thibelo ea boka khafetsa le ho tlosoa ha boka.Li-surfactants li sebetsa e le li-wax inhibitors le li-removers tsa boka.Ho na le li-surfactants tse qhibilihang ka oli le li-surfactants tse qhibilihang ka metsing tse sebelisetsoang ho thibela boka.Ea pele e bapala karolo e khahlanong le boka ka ho fetola thepa ea bokaholimo ba boka ba kristale.Li-surfactants tse qhibilihang ka oli tse sebelisoang hangata ke petroleum sulfonates le amine surfactants.Li-surfactants tse qhibilihang ka metsing li bapala karolo e khahlanong le boka ka ho fetola thepa ea bokaholimo bo entsoeng ka boka (joalo ka liphaephe tsa oli, li-sucker rods le bokaholimo ba lisebelisoa).Li-surfactants tse fumanehang li kenyelletsa sodium alkyl sulfonates, quaternary ammonium salts, alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, monko o monate oa hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers le letsoai la sulfonate sodium, joalo-joalo.Li-surfactants tse qhibilihang ka oli li sebelisetsoa ho tlosa boka ba boka ba oli, le mofuta oa sulfonate o qhibilihang ka metsing, mofuta oa letsoai oa quaternary ammonium, mofuta oa polyether, mofuta oa lipakeng, li-surfactants tsa mofuta oa OP, mofuta oa Sulfate-based kapa sulfo-alkylated flat-type le mofuta oa OP.surfactants li sebelisoa ho tlosa boka ba metsi.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, lihlahisoa tse tlosang boka ba malapeng le ba linaheng tse ling li 'nile tsa kopanngoa,' me lihlahisoa tse tlosang boka ba oli tse entsoeng ka oli le li-wax tse entsoeng ka metsi li kopantsoe ka mokhoa oa tlhaho ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse tlosang boka.Sehlahisoa sena sa boka se sebelisa li-hydrocarbon tse nkhang hamonate le li-hydrocarbon tse nkhang hamonate tse tsoakiloeng e le mohato oa oli, 'me se sebelisa emulsifier e nang le phello ea ho hloekisa boka e le karolo ea metsi.Ha emulsifier e khethiloeng e le "nonionic surfactant" e nang le sebaka se loketseng sa maru, mocheso o ka tlase ho karolo ea boka ba seliba sa oli o ka fihla kapa oa feta sebaka sa eona sa leru, e le hore motsoako oa boka o tsoakiloeng o ka khona The emulsification e robehile pele e kena karolong ea boka ba boka. , 'me li-agents tse peli tse hloekisang boka li arohane, tseo ka nako e le' ngoe li bapalang karolo ea ho hloekisa boka.
3. Li-surfactantsse sebedisoang ho tsitsisa letsopa
Ho tsitsisa letsopa ho arotsoe likarolo tse peli: ho thibela ho atolosoa ha liminerale tsa letsopa le ho thibela ho falla ha likaroloana tsa letsopa.Li-surfactants tsa cationic tse kang mofuta oa letsoai la amine, mofuta oa letsoai oa quaternary ammonium, mofuta oa letsoai oa pyridinium, le letsoai la imidazoline li ka sebelisoa ho thibela ho ruruha ha letsopa.Fluorine-containing nonionic-cationic surfactants e teng ho thibela ho falla ha likaroloana tsa letsopa.
4. Li-surfactantse sebelisoa ka mokhoa oa acidization
E le ho ntlafatsa phello ea acidification, mefuta e mengata ea li-additives hangata e kenngoa ho tharollo ea acid.Sehlahisoa se seng le se seng se lumellanang le tharollo ea asiti 'me se khabisoa habonolo ke sebopeho se ka sebelisoa e le retardant ea acidification.Tse kang mafura amine amine hydrochloride, letsoai la quaternary ammonium, letsoai la pyridine ka cationic surfactants le sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate ester salted kapa sulfate ester salted polyoxyethylene alkanes amphoteric surfactants base phenol ether, joalo-joalo tse ling tse kang surfamine acid alkanes le surfactants, joalo-joalo. , e ka etsa mokelikeli oa asiti ka har'a oli ho hlahisa emulsion ea asiti ka har'a oli.Emulsion ena e ka sebelisoa e le mokelikeli oa liindasteri o nang le acidified hape o bapala karolo ea ho lieha.
Li-surfactants tse ling li ka sebelisoa e le li-anti-emulsifiers bakeng sa maro a nang le asiti.Li-surfactants tse nang le makala a kang polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether le polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine li ka sebelisoa e le li-anti-emulsifiers tse nang le acidifying.
Li-surfactants tse ling li ka sebelisoa e le lithuso tsa metsi tse haelloang ke asiti.Li-surfactants tse ka sebelisoang e le lisebelisoa tsa ho ntša metsi li kenyelletsa mofuta oa letsoai oa amine, mofuta oa letsoai oa quaternary ammonium, mofuta oa letsoai oa pyridinium, nonionic, amphoteric le li-surfactants tse nang le fluorine.
Li-surfactants tse ling li ka sebelisoa e le li-anti-sludge agents tse nang le asiti, joalo ka li-alkylphenols, fatty acids, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, quaternary ammonium salts, joalo-joalo. ka tharollo ea asiti.
Bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa sephetho sa asiti, ho tlameha ho eketsoa mokelikeli ho motsoako oa asiti ho khutlisa mongobo oa sebaka se haufi le seliba ho tloha ho lipophilic ho ea ho hydrophilic.Metsoako ea polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers le phosphate-salted polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers e khahlisoa ke sebopeho ho theha karolo ea boraro ea adsorption, e bapalang karolo ea ho kolobisa le ho khutlisa.
Holim'a moo, ho na le li-surfactants tse ling, joalo ka mafura a amine hydrochloride, letsoai la quaternary ammonium kapa nonionic-anionic surfactant, tse sebelisoang e le lisebelisoa tse foaming ho etsa mokelikeli o sebetsang oa asiti ea foam ho fihlela sepheo sa ho liehisa kutu le asiti e tebileng, kapa ho etsoa Foams. ho tloha ho sena mme e sebelisoa e le pre-fluid bakeng sa acidification.Ka mor'a hore li kenngoe sebopeho, tharollo ea asiti e kenngoa.Phello ea Jamin e hlahisoang ke li-bubble tse foam e ka khelosa mokelikeli oa asiti, ea qobella mokelikeli oa asiti ho qhala sekhahla se tlase sa permeability, ka hona ho ntlafatsa phello ea acidification.
5. Li-surfactants tse sebelisoang mehatong ea fracturing
Mehato ea fracturing e atisa ho sebelisoa masimong a oli a nang le matla a tlaase.Ba sebelisa khatello ea ho bula sebopeho ho theha fractures, 'me ba sebelisa proppant ho tšehetsa fractures ho fokotsa ho hanyetsa phallo ea metsi le ho finyella morero oa ho eketsa tlhahiso le tlhokomelo.Mekelikeli e meng ea fracturing e entsoe ka li-surfactants e le e 'ngoe ea metsoako.
Mekelikeli e qhekellang ea oli ka metsing e entsoe ka metsi, oli le li-emulsifiers.Li-emulsifiers tse sebelisoang ke li-ionic, nonionic le li-amphoteric surfactants.Haeba metsi a teteaneng a sebelisoa e le karolo ea ka ntle 'me oli e sebelisoa e le karolo e ka hare, ho ka lokisoa mokelikeli o teteaneng oa oli-in-water fracturing fluid (polymer emulsion).Mokelikeli ona o robehang o ka sebelisoa mochesong o ka tlase ho 160°C 'me o ka senya li-emulsion le ho ntša maro.
Foam fracturing fluid ke mokelikeli o phunyehang o sebelisang metsi e le mokhoa oa ho hasana le khase e le karolo e qhalakaneng.Likarolo tsa eona tse ka sehloohong ke metsi, khase le ntho e foaming.Alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfate ester salts, quaternary ammonium salts le OP surfactants kaofela li ka sebelisoa e le lintho tse etsang foaming agents.Motsoako oa ntho e phoroselang ka metsing hangata ke 0.5-2%, 'me karo-karolelano ea molumo oa khase ho ea ho foam e ka har'a 0.5-0.9.
Oli-based fracturing fluid ke mokelikeli o robehang o entsoeng ka oli e le mokelikeli kapa mokhoa oa ho qhalakanya.Oli e sebelisoang haholo setšeng ke oli e tala kapa karolo ea eona e boima.E le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba eona ba viscosity le mocheso, oli e qhibilihang ka oli ea petroleum sulfonate (boima ba molek'hule 300-750) e hloka ho eketsoa.Mekelikeli e entsoeng ka oli e nang le fracturing e boetse e kenyelletsa maro a tsoang ka har'a oli a fracturing le maro a foam a oli.Li-emulsifiers tse sebelisitsoeng pele ke li-anionic surfactants tse qhibilihang ka oli, li-cationic surfactants le li-nonionic surfactants, ha li-stabilizer tse sebelisitsoeng ho morao ke li-polymer surfactants tse nang le fluorine.
Mokelikeli o sa utloeng metsi o sebelisa motsoako oa joala (joalo ka ethylene glycol) le oli (joalo ka parafine) joalo ka mokhoa oa ho qhalakanya, mokelikeli oa carbon dioxide e le mohato o qhalakaneng, le sulfate-salted polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether e le emulsifier.Kapa emulsion kapa foam e entsoeng ka mokhoa o phoroselang ho pshatla libopeho tse sa utloeng metsi.
Mokelikeli oa fracturing o sebelisetsoang ho fracturing le acidification ke bobeli ba metsi a fracturing le mokelikeli o nang le asiti.E sebelisoa ha ho etsoa carbonate, 'me mehato e' meli e etsoa ka nako e le 'ngoe.Tse amanang le li-surfactants ke foam ea acid le emulsion ea acid.Ea pele e sebelisa alkyl sulfonate kapa alkyl benzene sulfonate e le ntho e phophomang, 'me ea morao e sebelisa surfactant ea sulfonate joalo ka emulsifier.Joalo ka maro a acidifying, maro a fracturing le ona a sebelisa li-surfactants joalo ka li-anti-emulsifiers, drainage aid le li-reversal wetting agents, tse ke keng tsa tšohloa mona.
6. Sebelisa li-surfactants bakeng sa taolo ea profil le mehato ea ho thibela metsi
E le ho ntlafatsa sephetho sa ntlafatso ea ente ea metsi le ho hatella sekhahla se ntseng se phahama sa metsi a oli e tala, hoa hlokahala ho lokisa boemo ba ho monya ha metsi lilibeng tsa ente ea metsi le ho eketsa tlhahiso ka ho thibela metsi lilibeng tsa tlhahiso.Mekhoa e meng ea ho laola boemo le mekhoa ea ho thibela metsi hangata e sebelisa li-surfactants tse ling.
HPC/SDS moemeli ea laolang boemo ba gel e entsoe ka hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) le sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) metsing a hloekileng.
Sodium alkyl sulfonate le alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride li qhibiliha ka ho latellana ka metsing ho lokisa lino tse peli tse sebetsang, tse kenngoa ka mokhoa o mong ka mor'a o mong.Mekelikeli e 'meli e sebetsang e kopana ka mokhoa oa ho hlahisa alkyl trimethylamine.The sulfite precipitates le thibela lera phahameng permeability.
Polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, alkyl aryl sulfonates, joalo-joalo e ka sebelisoa e le mahlahana a foaming, a qhibiliha ka metsing ho lokisa mokelikeli o sebetsang, ebe o kenngoa ka sebopeho ka mokhoa o fapaneng le mokelikeli o sebetsang oa carbon dioxide, feela ka sebōpeho (haholo-holo e phahameng The permeable). layer) e etsa foam, e hlahisa blockage, mme e bapala karolo ea taolo ea profil.
Ho sebelisa surfactant ea quaternary ammonium e le sesebelisoa sa ho phunya se qhibilihisitsoeng ka har'a silicic acid sol e entsoeng ka ammonium sulfate le khalase ea metsi 'me e kenngoa ka sebopeho, ebe e kenya khase e sa tsitsang (khase ea tlhaho kapa chlorine), ho ka hlahisoa mofuta o thehiloeng ka metsi. ka sebopeho pele.Foam e ka har'a li-dispersion interlayer, e lateloa ke gelation ea silicic acid Sol, e hlahisa foam e tiileng e le mokhoa oa ho hasana, o bapalang karolo ea ho koala sekhahla se phahameng sa ho phunyeletsa le ho laola boemo.
Ho sebelisa li-surfactants tsa sulfonate e le li-foaming agents le li-polymer compounds e le li-stabilizer tsa foam tse teteaneng, ebe li kenya lintho tse hlahisang khase kapa khase, foam e thehiloeng metsing e hlahisoa fatše kapa ka sebopeho.Foam ena e sebetsa ka holim'a lera la oli.Palo e kholo ea moemeli e fallela sebopeho sa metsi a oli, e bakang timetso ea foam, kahoo ha e thibele lera la oli.Ke moemeli ea khethang le oa ho thibela metsi selibeng sa oli.
Setsi se thibelang metsi sa samente se entsoeng ka oli ke ho emisoa ha samente ka har'a oli.Bokaholimo ba samente ke hydrophilic.Ha e kena lera le hlahisang metsi, metsi a tlosa tšebelisano pakeng tsa seliba sa oli le samente e holim'a samente, e leng ho etsang hore samente e tiee le ho thibela lera le hlahisang metsi.Bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa metsi a sesebelisoa sena sa plugging, hangata ho eketsoa li-carboxylate le sulfonate surfactants.
Mokelikeli oa metsi o thibelang metsi a micellar ke tharollo ea micellar haholo-holo e entsoeng ka petroleum ammonium sulfonate, hydrocarbons le alcohols.E na le metsi a letsoai a phahameng ka ho thehoa 'me e fetoha viscous ho finyella phello ea ho thibela metsi..
Moemeli oa ho thibela metsi o thehiloeng metsing kapa oli-based cationic surfactant solution e thehiloe holim'a alkyl carboxylate le alkyl ammonium chloride salt active agents 'me e loketse feela ho etsoa ha lejoe la lehlabathe.
Setsi se thibelang metsi ka oli e boima ke mofuta oa oli e boima e qhibilihang ka emulsifier ea metsi ka har'a oli.E hlahisa emulsion e nang le viscous haholo ea metsi ka oli ka mor'a hore sebopeho se fokotsoe ho finyella morero oa ho thibela metsi.
Moemeli oa ho thibela metsi ka oli ka metsing o lokisoa ka ho kenya oli e boima ka metsing ho sebelisa cationic surfactant e le emulsifier ea oli ka metsing.
7. Sebelisa li-surfactants bakeng sa mehato ea ho laola lehlabathe
Pele ho ts'ebetso ea taolo ea lehlabathe, palo e itseng ea metsi a kentsoeng a lokisitsoeng ka li-surfactants e hloka ho kenngoa e le metsi a pele ho hloekisa sebopeho ho ntlafatsa phello ea taolo ea lehlabathe.Hajoale, li-surfactants tse sebelisoang hangata ke li-anionic surfactants.
8. Surfactant bakeng sa dehydration oli e tala
Mekhahlelong ea mantlha le ea bobeli ea ho khutlisa oli, li-demulsifiers tsa metsi ka har'a oli hangata li sebelisoa bakeng sa oli e tala e nkiloeng.Meloko e meraro ea lihlahisoa e entsoe.Moloko oa pele ke carboxylate, sulfate le sulfonate.Moloko oa bobeli ke li-nonionic surfactants tse tlaase tsa molek'hule tse kang OP, Pingpingjia le oli ea sulfonated castor oil.Moloko oa boraro ke polymer nonionic surfactant.
Mekhahlelong ea morao-rao ea ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ea bobeli le ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ea thuto e phahameng, oli e tala e hlahisoang hangata e fumaneha ka mokhoa oa emulsion ea oli ka metsing.Ho na le mefuta e mene ea li-demulsifiers tse sebelisoang, tse kang tetradecyltrimethyloxyammonium chloride le didecyldimethylammonium chloride.Ba ka itšoara ka li-emulsifiers tsa anionic ho fetola boleng ba bona ba ho leka-lekana ha oli ea hydrophilic, kapa Adsorbed holim'a likaroloana tsa letsopa tse nang le metsi, ho fetola ho koloba ha tsona le ho senya li-emulsions tsa oli ka metsing.Ho feta moo, li-anionic surfactants le li-nonionic surfactants tse qhibilihang ka oli tse ka sebelisoang e le li-emulsifiers tsa metsi ka har'a oli le tsona li ka sebelisoa e le li-demulsifiers bakeng sa li-emulsion tsa oli ka metsing.
- Li-surfactants tsa ho hloekisa metsi
Ka mor'a hore metsi a tlhahiso ea seliba sa oli a arohane le oli e tala, metsi a hlahisoang a hloka ho hloekisoa ho finyella litlhoko tsa ho kenngoa hape.Ho na le merero e ts'eletseng ea ho hloekisa metsi, e leng ho thibela kutu, ho thibela sekala, ho etsa sterilization, ho tlosa oksijene, ho tlosa oli le ho tlosa lintho tse thata tse emisitsoeng.Ka hona, hoa hlokahala ho sebelisa li-corrosion inhibitors, li-anti-scaling agents, bactericides, scavengers oksijene, li-degreasers le li-flocculants, joalo-joalo. Lintlha tse latelang li kenyelletsa li-surfactants tsa indasteri:
Li-surfactants tsa indasteri tse sebelisoang e le corrosion inhibitors li kenyelletsa matsoai a alkyl sulfonic acid, alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid, linear alkyl amine salts, quaternary ammonium salts, le alkyl pyridine matsoai., matsoai a imidazoline le lihlahisoa tsa eona, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene dialkyl propargyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene rosin amine, polyoxyethylene stearylamine le polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers Alkyl sulfonanary salty, dimopolyolenium ea hare e ka hare ea letsoai le dimopolyolenium e fapaneng ea letsoai le letsoai tse nkiloeng.
Li-surfactants tse sebelisoang e le li-antifouling li kenyelletsa letsoai la phosphate ester, matsoai a sulfate ester, acetates, carboxylates le metsoako ea tsona ea polyoxyethylene.Ho tsitsa ha mocheso oa letsoai la sulfonate ester le letsoai la carboxylate ho molemo haholo ho feta letsoai la phosphate ester le sulfate ester salts.
Li-surfactants tsa indasteri tse sebelisoang ho li-fungicides li kenyelletsa matsoai a alkylamine a mela, letsoai la quaternary ammonium salts, alkylpyridinium salts, matsoai a imidazoline le lintho tse tsoang ho eona, matsoai a fapaneng a quaternary ammonium, di(polyoxy) Vinyl) alkyl le matsoai a ka hare a tsoang ho eona.
Li-surfactants tsa indasteri tse sebelisoang ho li-degreasers ke li-surfactants tse nang le meaho e nang le makala le lihlopha tsa sodium dithiocarboxylate.
10. Surfactant bakeng sa likhohola tsa oli ea lik'hemik'hale
Ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ea mantlha le ea bobeli ho ka khutlisa 25% -50% ea oli e tala e ka tlas'a lefatše, empa ho ntse ho e-na le oli e ngata e tala e ntseng e le ka tlas'a lefatše 'me e ke ke ea fumanoa.Ho khutlisa oli e phahameng ho ka ntlafatsa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli e tala.Ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ea maemo a phahameng hangata ho sebelisa mokhoa oa likhohola tsa lik'hemik'hale, ke hore, ho eketsa lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale metsing a kentsoeng ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea likhohola tsa metsi.Har'a lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang, tse ling ke li-surfactants tsa indasteri.Kenyelletso e khuts'oane ea bona ke e latelang:
Mokhoa oa likhohola tsa oli ea lik'hemik'hale o sebelisa surfactant joalo ka ha ntho e ka sehloohong e bitsoa likhohola tsa surfactant.Li-surfactants haholo-holo li bapala karolo ea ho ntlafatsa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ka ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea sefahleho sa oli le metsi le ho eketsa palo ea li-capillaries.Kaha bokaholimo ba sebopeho sa lehlabathe le na le qoso e mpe, li-surfactants tse sebelisoang haholo-holo ke li-anionic surfactants, 'me boholo ba tsona ke li-surfactants tsa sulfonate.E entsoe ka ho sebelisa moemeli oa sulfonating (joalo ka sulfur trioxide) ho sulfonate likaroloana tsa petroleum tse nang le monko o monate oa hydrocarbon, ebe o li fokotsa ka alkali.Litlhaloso tsa eona: ntho e sebetsang 50% -80%, oli ea diminerale 5% -30%, metsi 2% -20%, sodium sulfate 1% -6%.Petroleum sulfonate ha e hanyetsane le mocheso, letsoai, kapa li-ion tsa tšepe tsa theko e phahameng.Synthetic sulfonates e lokisoa ho tsoa ho li-hydrocarbon tse tsamaellanang ho sebelisoa mekhoa e tšoanang ea maiketsetso.Har'a tsona, α-olefin sulfonate e hanyetsa ka ho khetheha letsoai le li-ion tsa tšepe tse phahameng.Li-surfactants tse ling tsa anionic-nonionic le li-surfactants tsa carboxylate le tsona li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho tsamaisa oli.Ho falla ha oli ho hloka mefuta e 'meli ea li-additives: e' ngoe ke co-surfactant, joalo ka isobutanol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, urea, sulfolane, alkenylene benzene sulfonate, joalo-joalo, 'me e' ngoe ke dielectric, ho kenyelletsa le matsoai a acid le alkali, haholo matsoai, e ka fokotsang hydrophilicity ea surfactant le ho eketsa lipophilicity, hape e fetola boleng ba hydrophilic-lipophilic balance ea moemeli ea sebetsang.E le ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea surfactant le ho ntlafatsa liphello tsa moruo, moroallo oa metsi o sebelisa lik'hemik'hale tse bitsoang mahlabelo.Lintho tse ka sebelisoang e le lisebelisoa tsa sehlabelo li kenyelletsa lintho tsa alkaline le li-polycarboxylic acid le letsoai la tsona.Li-oligomers le li-polymers le tsona li ka sebelisoa e le mahlahana a mahlabelo.Lignosulfonates le liphetoho tsa bona ke mahlahana a sehlabelo.
Mokhoa oa ho tlosa oli o sebelisa li-agent tse peli kapa ho feta tsa phepelo ea oli ea lik'hemik'hale o bitsoa likhohola tse kopaneng.Mokhoa ona oa ho tlosa oli o amanang le li-surfactants o kenyelletsa: likhohola tsa surfactant le polymer thickened surfactant;likhohola tse matlafalitsoeng tsa alkali tse nang le likhohola tsa alkali + tse fetang holim'a metsi kapa likhohola tsa alkali tse matlafalitsoeng ka holim'a metsi;likhohola tse nang le likarolo tse thehiloeng linthong tse nang le alkali + surfactant + polymer.Likhohola tse kopantsoeng hangata li na le lintlha tse phahameng tsa ho hlaphoheloa ho feta koloi e le 'ngoe.Ho ea ka tlhahlobo ea morao-rao ea mekhoa ea tsoelo-pele lapeng le linaheng tse ling, likhohola tsa ternary compound li na le melemo e phahameng ho feta likhohola tsa binary compound.Li-surfactants tse sebelisoang likhoholang tsa ternary composite haholo-holo ke petroleum sulfonates, hangata hape e sebelisoa hammoho le sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid le carboxylates ea polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, le polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol alkyl sulfonate sodium matsoai.joalo-joalo ho ntlafatsa mamello ea eona ea letsoai.Haufinyane tjena, lapeng le kantle ho naha ba kentse bohlokoa bo boholo ho lipatlisiso le ts'ebeliso ea li-biosurfactants, joalo ka rhamnolipid, sophorolipid fermentation moro, joalo-joalo, hammoho le li-carboxylate tsa tlhaho tse tsoakiloeng le ho etsa pampiri ka sehlahisoa sa alkali lignin, jj. liphetho tse kholo litekong tsa masimong le tsa kahare.Phello e ntle ea ho tlosa oli.
Nako ea poso: Dec-26-2023