Codsigasurfactantswax soo saarka beeraha saliidda
1. Surfactants loo isticmaalo qodista saliid culus
Sababtoo ah viscosity sare iyo dareeraha liidata ee saliidda culus, waxay keentaa dhibaatooyin badan xagga macdanta.Si loo soo saaro saliidahan culculus, waxaa mararka qaarkood loo baahan yahay in la isku duro xal aqueous of surfactant downhole si loogu beddelo saliidda culus ee viscosity-ga badan galay emulsion saliid-in-biyo ah oo hooseeya oo soo saara dusha.Surfactants-yada loo isticmaalo emulsification saliidda culus iyo habka dhimista viscosity waxaa ka mid ah sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alkohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Vinyl alkyl alkohol ether sulfate sodiumin, iwm Emulsion saliid ether sulfate sodiumin. Baahida la soo saaray si loo kala saaro biyaha oo loo isticmaalo qaar ka mid ah qalabka warshadaha ka soo saara sida demuliyeyaasha fuuqbaxa.Demulsifier-yadani waa emulsifiers-biyo-saliid.Sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waa cationic surfactants ama naphthenic acids, asphaltonic acids iyo cusbada birta badan ee badan.
Saliid culculus oo khaas ah laguma macdan karo unugyada bamgareynta caadiga ah waxayna u baahan tahay cirbad uumi si ay uga soo kabsato kulaylka.Si loo hagaajiyo saamaynta soo kabashada kulaylka, surfactants ayaa loo baahan yahay in la isticmaalo.Ku duridda xumbo duridda uumiga si fiican, taas oo ah, ku duridda wakiilka xumbo-u-qaadista heerkulka-sareya iyo gaaska aan uumi karin, waa mid ka mid ah hababka wax-ka-beddelka ee inta badan la isticmaalo.
Aaladaha xumboynta sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waa alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl khamriga ethers iyo sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, iwm. Maxaa yeelay, fluorinated dusha sare ee acid, iyo waxa ay leeyihiin dusha sare ee kuleelka, saliidda, waxay yihiin wakiilada xumbo-heerkulka sare ku haboon.Si saliidda kala firidhsan looga dhigo mid si fudud u dhex marta qaab dhismeedka dhuunta daldaloolada ee samaysmay, ama si fudud looga dhigo saliidda dusha sare ee samaynta, waxa loo baahan yahay in la isticmaalo subfactant loo yaqaanno filim faafinta.Midka caadiga ah ee la isticmaalo waa dhaqdhaqaaqa dusha sare ee resin phenolic oxyalkylated.wakiil.
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- Surfactants for macdanta waxy saliid cayriin
Ka faa'iidaysiga saliidda cayriin ee waxy waxay u baahan tahay ka-hortag joogto ah oo shayga iyo saarista dhuka.Surfactants waxay u dhaqmaan sidii kuwa wax celiya iyo kuwa wax ka saara.Waxaa jira surfactants saliid-milmi leh iyo surfactants biyo-milmi leh loo isticmaalo anti-wax.Kan hore waxa uu ka ciyaaraa door ka-hortagga wax-soo-saarka isagoo beddelaya sifooyinka dusha sare ee dhuka.Surfactants-ka saliidda sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waa petroleum sulfonates iyo amine surfactants.Mashiinnada biyaha ku milma waxay ciyaaraan door liddi ku ah wax-soosaarka iyagoo beddelaya sifooyinka sagxadaha wax-samaysan (sida tuubooyinka saliidda, ulaha nuugaya iyo sagxadaha qalabka).Surfactants la heli karo waxaa ka mid ah sodium alkyl sulfonates, quaternary ammonium cusbada, alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers caraf udgoon iyo cusbada sodium sulfonate, iwm. Surfactants loo isticmaalo saaridda dhuka ayaa sidoo kale loo qaybiyaa laba dhinac.Surfactants-ka saliidda milmi kara waxa loo isticmaalaa ka saarida wax saliidda ku salaysan, iyo nooca sulfonate biyaha-milmi kara, quaternary ammonium milix ah, nooca polyether, nooca Tween, nooca OP surfactants, Sulfate-ku salaysan ama sulfo-alkylated flat-nooca iyo OP-nooca.surfactants waxaa loo isticmaalaa kuwa ka saara dhuka biyaha ku salaysan.Sannadihii u dambeeyay, shamac-baxayaasha gudaha iyo kuwa shisheeye ayaa si dabiici ah la isugu daray, iyo kuwa ka saaraya dhuxul-biyoodka ayaa si dabiici ah la isugu daray si ay u soo saaraan wax-saarayaasha isku-dhafan.Soosaarista dhuka waxa ay isticmaashaa karboorno caraf udgoon iyo hydrocarbons caraf udgoon oo isku dhafan sida wejiga saliidda, oo waxa ay isticmaashaa emulsifier leh saamayn nadiifin ah sida wajiga biyaha.Marka emulsifier-ka la xushay uu yahay duleel nonionic ah oo leh dhibic daruur ku habboon, heerkulka ka hooseeya qaybta wax-soo-saarka ee saliidda ayaa gaari kara ama dhaafi karta barta daruurteeda, si ay shayga ka saara isku-dhafka ah u karo , waxaana la kala saaray laba walax oo wax nadiifiya, kuwaas oo isla mar ahaantaana ka ciyaara doorka wax-sixinta.
3. Surfactantsloo isticmaalo in lagu xasiliyo dhoobada
Dhoobada xasilinta waxay u qaybsantaa laba dhinac: ka hortagga ballaarinta macdanta dhoobada iyo ka hortagga socdaalka walxaha macdanta dhoobada.Surfactants cationic sida nooca milixda amine, quaternary ammonium nooca cusbada, nooca cusbada pyridinium, iyo imidazoline cusbo ayaa loo isticmaali karaa si looga hortago bararka dhoobada.Fluorine-ka ku jira surfactants nonionic-cationic ayaa diyaar ah si looga hortago socdaalka walxaha macdanta dhoobada.
4. Surfactantsloo isticmaalo cabbirada aashitada
Si loo hagaajiyo saamaynta aysiidhka, noocyo kala duwan oo wax lagu daro ayaa guud ahaan lagu daraa xalka aashitada.Surfactant kasta oo la jaan qaadaya xalka aashitada oo si fudud loogu dhejiyay samaynta waxa loo isticmaali karaa dib-u-dhigid aashito ah.Sida amine hydrochloride dufan, quaternary ammonium cusbo, pyridine cusbada in cationic surfactants iyo sulfonated, karboxymethylated, phosphate ester cusbayn ama sulfate ester cusbayn polyoxyethylene alkanes in amphoteric surfactants saldhigga phenol ether, iwm. , waxay ku koobi kartaa dareeraha aashitada saliidda si ay u soo saarto emulsion-ka-saliid-ku-jirta.Emulsion-kan waxa loo isticmaali karaa dareere warshadaysan oo aysiidh leh oo waxa uu sidoo kale ka ciyaaraa door dib u dhac ah.
Qaar ka mid ah surfactants ayaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii-emulsifiers-ka-hortagga dareeraha aashitada.Surfactants leh qaab-dhismeedyo laamood ah sida polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether iyo polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine ayaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii aysiidh-ilaaliye-emulsifiers.
Surfactants qaar ka mid ah ayaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii gargaaraha dheecaanka aashitada.Mashiinnada dusha sare ee loo isticmaali karo sida caws-biyoodka waxaa ka mid ah nooca milixda amine, nooca milixda ammonium ee quaternary, nooca cusbada pyridinium, nonionic, amphoteric iyo fluorine-ka kooban.
Qaar ka mid ah surfactants waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida wakiilada lidka-sludge acidifying, sida surfactants saliid-milmi leh, sida alkylphenols, acids dufanka leh, alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, quaternary ammonium cusbada, iwm. Sababtoo ah waxay leeyihiin milanka acid liidata, surfactants nonionic ayaa loo isticmaali karaa si loo kala firdhiyey iyaga. in xal acid.
Si loo hagaajiyo saamaynta aysiidhka, wakiilka dib u celinta qoynta wuxuu u baahan yahay in lagu daro xalalka aashitada si loo beddelo qoyaanka aagga u dhow-wellbore ee lipophilic ilaa hydrophilic.Isku dhafka polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers iyo fosfate-salted polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers waxaa lagu dhajiyaa samaynta si loo sameeyo lakabka xayeysiiska saddexaad, kaas oo door ka ciyaara qoynta iyo dib u noqoshada.
Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah surfactants, sida amine hydrochloride dufan, quaternary ammonium cusbo ama nonionic-anionic surfactant, kuwaas oo loo isticmaalo sida wakiilada xumbo si ay u sameeyaan xumbo acid dareere shaqeeya si loo gaaro ujeedada hoos u daxalka iyo qoto dheer acidification, ama Xumbo ayaa la sameeyey. laga bilaabo tan oo loo isticmaalo dareeraha hore ee aashitada.Ka dib markii lagu duray samaynta, xal aashitada ayaa la isku duraa.Saamaynta Jamin ee ay soo saaraan xumbo-xumada ku jirta xumbada ayaa leexin karta dareeraha aashitada, taas oo ku qasbeysa dareeraha aashitada in ay inta badan milaan lakabka dheecaanka hooseeya, taas oo hagaajinaysa saamaynta aysiidhka.
5. Surfactants oo loo isticmaalo cabbirrada jabka
Tallaabooyinka jajabinta ayaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa goobaha saliidda ee aan la dhaafin karin.Waxay isticmaalaan cadaadis si ay u furaan qaabka si ay u sameeyaan jabka, oo ay isticmaalaan proppant si ay u taageeraan jabka si ay u yareeyaan caabbinta dareeraha oo ay gaaraan ujeedada kordhinta wax soo saarka iyo dareenka.Qaar ka mid ah dareerayaasha dillaaca waxaa lagu qaabeeyey qalab-jilicsan oo ka mid ah maaddooyinka.
Dareeraha jebinta saliidda ee biyaha ku jira waxaa lagu sameeyay biyo, saliid iyo emulsifiers.Emulsifiers loo isticmaalo waa ionic, nonionic iyo surfactants amphoteric.Haddii biyaha adag loo isticmaalo sida wajiga dibadda iyo saliidda loo isticmaalo wajiga gudaha, waxaa la diyaarin karaa dareere jajaban oo saliid ah oo ku jira biyaha (polymer emulsion).Dareerahan dilaaca waxaa loo isticmaali karaa heerkul ka hooseeya 160°C wuxuuna si toos ah u jebin karaa emulsions iyo dheecaannada.
Dheecaan xumbo jabaya waa dareere jaban oo isticmaala biyaha sida dhexdhexaadiyaha kala firdhisan iyo gaasta sidii wejiga kala firdhiyey.Qaybaheeda ugu muhiimsan waa biyaha, gaaska iyo wakiilka xumbo-samaynta.Alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfate ester cusbada, quaternary ammonium cusbada iyo OP surfactants oo dhan waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida wakiilada xumbo.Isku-duubnaanta wakiilka xumbo-saarka ee biyaha guud ahaan waa 0.5-2%, iyo saamiga wejiga gaaska ilaa mugga xumbo waa inta u dhaxaysa 0.5-0.9.
Dheecaan jebinta saliid ku salaysan waa dareere jaban oo lagu sameeyay saliid sida dareere dareere ah ama dhexdhexaad ah.Saliida inta badan laga isticmaalo goobta waa saliid ceyriin ama jajabkeeda culus.Si loo hagaajiyo viscosity-keeda iyo sifooyinka heerkulka, sulfonate petroleum saliid-milmi leh (miisaanka kelli 300-750) ayaa loo baahan yahay in lagu daro.Dareeraha jebinta saliidda ku salaysan ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah dareeraha jebinta biyaha-saliidka iyo dareeraha xumbada saliidda.Emulsifiers loo isticmaalo kuwii hore waa surfactants anionic saliid-milmi, cationic surfactants iyo nonionic surfactants, halka xasiliya xumbo ee loo isticmaalo in dambe ay yihiin fluorine-ka kooban surfactants polymer.
Dareeraha dillaaca samaynta xasaasiga ah ee biyaha ayaa isticmaala isku dhafka khamriga (sida ethylene glycol) iyo saliid (sida kerosene) sida dhexdhexaadiyaha kala firdhisan, dareeraha kaarboon laba ogsaydh sida wejiga kala firdhiyey, iyo sulfate-milixeed polyoxyethylene alkyl alkohol ether sida emulsifier.Ama emulsion ama xumbo lagu sameeyay wakiilka xumbo si loo jebiyo qaababka xasaasiga ah ee biyaha.
Dareeraha dillaaca ee loo isticmaalo jabka iyo aashitada labadaba waa dareere jaban iyo dareere asiidh-dhejis ah.Waxaa loo isticmaalaa qaab-dhismeedka karbohaydraytyada, labada cabbirna waxaa la sameeyaa isku mar.Waxyaabaha la xidhiidha surfactants waa xumbo asiidh ah iyo emulsion acid.Midka hore waxa uu isticmaalaa alkyl sulfonate ama alkyl benzene sulfonate sida wakiilka xumbo, kan dambena waxa uu isticmaalaa surfactant sulfonate sidii emulsifier.Sida dareerayaasha acidifying, dareerayaasha jejebiya waxay sidoo kale u isticmaalaan surfactants sida anti-emulsifiers, qalabka dheecaanka dareeraha iyo wakiilada dib u celinta qoynta, kuwaas oo aan halkan lagaga hadli doonin.
6. Isticmaal surfactants si loo xakameeyo profile iyo tallaabooyinka xannibaya biyaha
Si loo hagaajiyo saamaynta horumarinta duritaanka biyaha iyo in la xakameeyo heerka kor u kaca ee content biyaha saliidda cayriin, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la hagaajiyo profile nuugista biyaha ee ceelasha duritaanka biyaha iyo in la kordhiyo wax soo saarka by xanibeen biyaha on ceelasha wax soo saarka.Qaar ka mid ah xakamaynta profile iyo hababka xannibaadda biyaha ayaa badanaa isticmaala qaar ka mid ah surfactants.
Wakiilka kontoroolka profile profile HPC/SDS wuxuu ka kooban yahay hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) iyo sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) oo ku jira biyo cusub.
Sodium alkyl sulfonate iyo alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride siday u kala horreeyaan ayaa lagu kala milaan biyaha si loo diyaariyo laba dareere oo shaqaynaya, kuwaas oo lagu duraa samaynta midba midka kale.Labada dareere ee shaqeeya ayaa midba midka kale la falgala sameynta sameynta alkyl trimethylamine.Sulfite-ku waxa uu soo daadajiyaa oo xannibaa lakabka daloolaanshaha sare.
Polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, alkyl aryl sulfonates, iwm waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida wakiilada xumbo, kala diri biyaha si ay u diyaariyaan dareere ah shaqada, ka dibna lagu duri formation beddelka leh dareere carbon dioxide ka shaqeeya, kaliya in formation (inta badan sare The permeable). lakab) waxay samaysaa xumbo, waxay soo saartaa xannibaad, waxayna door ka ciyaartaa xakamaynta astaanta.
Isticmaalka quaternary ammonium surfactant sida wakiilka xumbo oo lagu milmay sol silicic acid oo ka kooban ammonium sulfate iyo galaaska biyaha oo lagu duraa samaynta, ka dibna lagu duro gaaska aan karsan karin (gaaska dabiiciga ah ama koloriin), foom ku salaysan dareeraha ayaa la abuuri karaa marka hore samaynta.Xumbada dhex dhexaadiyaha kala firdhisan, oo ay ku xigto gelation of sol silicic acid, waxay soo saartaa xumbo leh adag sida dhexdhexaadiyaha kala firdhisan, kaas oo ka ciyaara doorka lagu xiro lakabka sare ee suurtogalka ah iyo xakamaynta profile.
Isticmaalka surfactants sulfonate sida wakiilada xumbo iyo xeryahooda polymer sida xoojinta xumbo xasiliyayaal, ka dibna la isku duro gaaska ama walxaha soo saara gaaska, xumbo ku salaysan biyaha ayaa laga soo saaraa dhulka ama samaynta.Xumbadan ayaa dusha sare ka shaqeysa lakabka saliidda.Qadar badan oo wakiilku wuxuu u guuraa is-dhexgalka saliidda-biyaha, taasoo keenaysa burburka xumbo, si aanay u xannibin lakabka saliidda.Waa wakiil door ah oo ceelka saliidda ka ilaaliya biyaha.
Wakiilka biyaha xannibaya ee sibidhka ku salaysan waa joojinta sibidhka ee saliidda.Dusha sare ee sibidhka waa hydrophilic.Marka ay galaan lakabka biyaha soo saara, biyuhu waxay beddelaan isdhexgalka ka dhexeeya ceelka saliidda iyo sibidhka dushiisa sibidhka, taas oo keenta in sibidhku adkaado oo xannibo lakabka biyaha soo saaraya.Si loo wanaajiyo dareeraha wakiilkan wax ku dhejinaya, karboksylate iyo surfactants sulfonate ayaa inta badan lagu daraa.
Wakiilka dareeraha-milmi kara biyaha-ku-salaysan ee biyaha-xidhi kara waa xal micellar ah oo inta badan ka kooban batroolka ammonium sulfonate, hydrocarbons iyo aalkolada.Waxay ka kooban tahay biyo milix ah oo sarreeya marka la samaynayo waxayna noqotaa indho-fiiqan si loo gaaro saamaynta biyaha- xannibaya..
Biyo-ku-salaysan ama saliid-ku-salaysan cationic surfactant xal-u-hortagga biyaha waxay ku salaysan tahay alkyl carboxylate iyo alkyl ammonium chloride cusbada maaddooyinka firfircoon waxayna ku habboon tahay oo keliya sameynta dhagaxyada ciidda.
Saliid culus oo firfircoon oo xannibaysa biyaha waa nooc ka mid ah saliidda culus ee lagu milmay emulsifier-ka-saliidka.Waxay soo saartaa emulsion biyo-saliid ah oo heer sare ah ka dib samaynta biyaha laga saaray si loo gaaro ujeedada xannibista biyaha.
Saliida biyaha ku jirta ee biyaha ku jirta waxaa lagu diyaariyaa iyadoo ku dayanaysa saliid culus oo biyaha ku jirta iyadoo la isticmaalayo cationic surfactant sida emulsifier saliid ku jirta biyaha.
7. Isticmaal surfactants tallaabooyinka xakamaynta ciidda
Kahor hawlgallada kantaroolka ciidda, xaddi cayiman oo biyo ah oo firfircoon oo lagu diyaariyey qalabka kor-u-qaadista ayaa loo baahan yahay in lagu duro sidii dareere-hore si hore loogu nadiifiyo samaynta si loo hagaajiyo saamaynta xakamaynta ciidda.Hadda, surfactants inta badan la isticmaalo waa anionic surfactants.
8. Surfactant for fuuqbaxa saliidda cayriin
Marxaladaha soo kabashada saliidda aasaasiga ah iyo sare, bakhtiiyeyaasha biyaha-saliidka ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa saliidda cayriin ee la soo saaray.Saddex jiil oo badeecooyin ah ayaa la sameeyay.Jiilka koowaad waa karboksylate, sulfate iyo sulfonate.Jiilka labaad waa surfactants nonionic-molecular hooseeya sida OP, Pingpingjia iyo saliid castor sulfonated.Jiilka saddexaad waa polymer nonionic surfactant.
Marxaladaha dambe ee soo kabashada saliidda sare iyo soo kabashada saliidda sare, saliidda cayriin ee la soo saaray waxay inta badan u jirtaa qaab emulsion saliid-ku-jira.Waxaa jira afar nooc oo ah qalabka wax-saareyaasha ee la isticmaalo, sida tetradecyltrimethyloxyammonium chloride iyo didecyldimethylammonium chloride.Waxay ka falcelin karaan emulsifiers anionic si ay u beddelaan qiimahooda dheelitirka saliidda hydrophilic, ama lagu dhajiyo dusha sare ee qaybaha dhoobada-qoyan ee qoyan, beddelaadda qoynta iyo burburinta emulsions saliid-ku-jirta.Intaa waxaa dheer, qaar ka mid ah surfactants anionic iyo surfactants nonionic saliid-milmi kara in loo isticmaali karaa sida emulsifiers biyaha-in-saliid sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa sida demulsifiers ee emulsions saliid-in-biyo.
- Surfactants ee daaweynta biyaha
Ka dib marka dareeraha ceelka saliidda laga sooco saliidda cayriin, biyaha la soo saaray waxay u baahan yihiin in la daweeyo si loo buuxiyo shuruudaha dib u soo celinta.Waxaa jira lix ujeedo oo daaweynta biyaha ah, kuwaas oo ah ka-hortagga daxalka, ka-hortagga miisaanka, jeermiska, saarista oksijiinta, saarista saliidda iyo saarista walxaha adag.Sidaa darteed, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la isticmaalo daxalka inhibitors, wakiilada anti-scaling, bakteeriyada, scavengers ogsijiin, dereasers iyo flocculants, iwm. Dhinacyada soo socda ku lug surfactants warshadaha:
Surfactants warshadaha loo isticmaalo sidii daxaliyayaasha ka hortagga waxaa ka mid ah cusbada alkyl sulfonic acid, alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid, linear alkyl amine cusbada, quaternary ammonium cusbada, iyo alkyl pyridine cusbada., cusbada imidazoline iyo kuwa ka soo jeeda, polyoxyethylene alkyl khamriga ethers, polyoxyethylene dialkyl propargyl khamriga, polyoxyethylene rosin amine, polyoxyethylene stearylamine iyo polyoxyethylene alkyl khamriga ethers Alkyl sulfonate, kala duwan quaternary ammolene saltkyethrilys
Surfactants-yada loo isticmaalo sida walxaha ka-hortagga ah waxaa ka mid ah phosphate ester salts, sulfate ester salts, acetates, carboxylates iyo xeryahooda polyoxyethylene.Xasiloonida kulaylka ee cusbada ester-ka ee sulfonate iyo cusbada karboksylate ayaa si weyn uga wanaagsan kan cusbada ester-ka ee fosfate iyo cusbada ester-ka sulfate.
Surfactants warshadaha ee loo isticmaalo fungicides waxaa ka mid ah cusbada alkylamine linear, quaternary ammonium cusbada, alkylpyridinium cusbada, cusbada imidazoline iyo derivatives, kala duwan ee quaternary ammonium cusbada, di(polyoxy) Vinyl) alkyl iyo gudaha cusbada ee asalkiisa.
Surfactants warshadaha ee loo isticmaalo dereasers inta badan waa surfactants leh qaab-dhismeedyo laamo ah iyo sodium dithiocarboxylate kooxaha.
10. Surfactant ee daadinta saliida kiimikada
Soo kabashada saliidda aasaasiga ah iyo tan sare waxay soo celin kartaa 25% -50% saliidda ceyriinka ee dhulka hoostiisa, laakiin weli waxaa jira saliid badan oo cayriin ah oo ku haray dhulka hoostiisa oo aan dib loo soo celin karin.Samaynta soo kabashada saliidda sare waxay wanaajin kartaa soo kabashada saliidda cayriin.Soo kabashada saliidda sare waxay badi isticmaashaa habka daadka kiimikaad, taas oo ah, ku darista qaar ka mid ah walxaha kiimikaad ee biyaha la duray si loo hagaajiyo waxtarka fatahaada biyaha.Ka mid ah kiimikooyinka la isticmaalo, qaar ayaa ah kuwa wax soo saara ee warshadaha.Hordhac kooban oo ku saabsan iyaga waa sidan.
Habka daadad saliida kiimikaad iyadoo la isticmaalayo surfactant sida wakiilka ugu weyn waxaa loo yaqaan daading surfactant.Surfactants ayaa inta badan door ka ciyaara hagaajinta soo kabashada saliidda iyaga oo yareynaya xiisadda dhexda ee saliidda iyo biyaha iyo kordhinta tirada xididdada.Maadaama dusha sare ee samaynta dhagaxa-cammuudda si xun loo dallacay, surfactants-yada la isticmaalo waxay u badan yihiin surfactants anionic, badankooduna waa surfactants sulfonate.Waxa lagu sameeyaa iyada oo la isticmaalayo wakiilka sulfonating (sida sulfur trioxide) si sulfonate jajabyada batroolka oo leh maaddo hydrocarbon udgoon oo sarreeya, ka dibna iyaga laga saarayo alkali.Tilmaamaheeda: walaxda firfircoon 50% -80%, saliidda macdanta 5% -30%, biyaha 2% -20%, sodium sulfate 1% -6%.sulfonate batroolku uma adkeysto heerkulka, milixda, ama ayoonooyinka birta ah ee qaaliga ah.sulfonates synthetic waxaa laga soo diyaariyaa hydrocarbons u dhigma iyadoo la isticmaalayo hababka synthetic ee u dhigma.Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, α-olefin sulfonate waxay si gaar ah u adkeysaneysaa milixda iyo ion birta-valent sare leh.Surfactants kale oo anionic-nonionic ah iyo karboxylate surfactants ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa barakicinta saliidda.Barokaca saliidda Surfactant waxay u baahan tahay laba nooc oo wax lagu daro: mid waa co-surfactant, sida isobutanol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, HOL, sulfolane, alkenylene benzene sulfonate, iwm, iyo kan kale waa dielectric, oo ay ku jiraan acid iyo alkali cusbada, inta badan cusbada kaas oo yarayn kara hydrophilicity of surfactant iyo in xad kordhin lipophilicity, iyo sidoo kale bedeli qiimaha hydrophilic-lipophilic dheelitirka wakiilka firfircoon.Si loo dhimo luminta surfactant-ka oo loo wanaajiyo saamaynta dhaqaale, daadadka dusha sare waxa kale oo ay adeegsadaan kiimikooyin loo yaqaan sacrificial agents.Walxaha loo isticmaali karo walxo allabari ahaan waxaa ka mid ah walxaha alkaline iyo polycarboxylic acids iyo cusbadadooda.Oligomers iyo polymers ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa sidii wakiilo allabari ahaan.Lignosulfonates iyo wax ka beddelkooda waa wakiilo allabaryo.
Habka barokaca saliidda ee la isticmaalayo laba ama in ka badan oo saliid kiimikaad ah oo ah barokicinta wakiilada ugu muhiimsan waxaa loo yaqaan fatahaad isku dhafan.Habkan saliidda lagu barokaco ee la xidhiidha surfactants waxaa ka mid ah: daadka dusha sare leh ee dusha sare leh iyo polymer-ka;Daad alkali ah oo kor loo qaaday oo leh alkali + dusha sare ama daadad alkali ah oo kor loo qaaday;daadka isku dhafan ee curiyaha ku salaysan oo leh alkali + surfactant + polymer.Daadadka isku dhafan guud ahaan waxay leeyihiin arrimo ka soo kabasho ka sarreeya hal baabuur.Marka loo eego falanqaynta hadda ee isbeddellada horumarineed ee gudaha iyo dibedda, daadadka isku dhafka ah ee ternary ayaa leh faa'iidooyin ka sarreeya fatahaadda isku dhafka ah ee binary.Surfactants-yada loo isticmaalo daadadka isku dhafan ee ternary waa badiyaa sulfonates batroolka, sida caadiga ah sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa marka lagu daro sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid iyo karboksylates ee polyoxyethylene alkyl khamriga ethers, iyo polyoxyethylene alkyl aalkolada alkyl sulfonate sodium cusbada.iwm si loo hagaajiyo dulqaadkeeda milixda.Dhowaan, gudaha iyo dibaddaba waxay muhiimad weyn siiyeen cilmi-baarista iyo isticmaalka biosurfactants, sida rhamnolipid, maraq halsano sophorolipid, iwm. natiijooyin fiican oo ku saabsan gudaha iyo gudaha.Saamaynta barakicinta saliida ee wanaagsan.
Waqtiga boostada: Dec-26-2023