Kugwiritsa ntchito ma surfactants popanga mafuta

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwasurfactantsm'malo opangira mafuta

1. Ma surfactants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokumba mafuta olemera

Chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwakukulu komanso kusayenda bwino kwamafuta olemera, kumabweretsa zovuta zambiri kumigodi.Pofuna kuchotsa mafuta olemerawa, nthawi zina ndikofunikira kubaya njira yamadzimadzi ya surfactant downhole kuti atembenuke mafuta olemera kwambiri a viscosity kukhala emulsion yamafuta am'madzi otsika ndikuyichotsa pamwamba.The surfactants ntchito mu heavy emulsification mafuta ndi kukhuthala kuchepetsa kukhuthala njira monga sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl mowa ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Vinyl sulfonate mafuta mchere, etc. opangidwa amafunikira kulekanitsa madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zina zamafakitale monga zochotsera madzi m'thupi.Ma demulsifiers awa ndi ma emulsifiers amadzi mumafuta.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi cationic surfactants kapena naphthenic acid, asphaltonic acid ndi mchere wawo wambiri wamchere.

Mafuta olemera apadera sangathe kukumbidwa ndi mayunitsi opopera wamba ndipo amafunikira jekeseni wa nthunzi kuti abwezeretse kutentha.Kupititsa patsogolo kutentha kwa kutentha, ma surfactants ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Kubaya thovu mu jekeseni ya nthunzi, kutanthauza, kubaya thovu losatentha kwambiri komanso mpweya wosasunthika, ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posinthira.

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potulutsa thobvu ndi alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers ndi sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, ndi zina zotero. mafuta, ndi abwino kwambiri kutentha thovu mankhwala.Kuti apange mafuta omwazika mosavuta kudutsa pore mmero kapangidwe ka mapangidwe, kapena kuti mafuta pamwamba pa mapangidwe mosavuta kuthamangitsidwa, m'pofunika ntchito surfactant wotchedwa filimu diffusing wothandizira.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi oxyalkylated phenolic resin polima polima pamwamba.wothandizira.

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1. Ma Surfactants opangira migodi ya waxy crude oil

Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a phula kumafuna kupewa sera pafupipafupi komanso kuchotsa sera.Ma Surfactants amagwira ntchito ngati zoletsa sera komanso zochotsa sera.Pali mafuta osungunuka osungunuka ndi osungunuka m'madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa sera.Zakale zimagwira ntchito yotsutsana ndi sera posintha mawonekedwe a kristalo wa sera.Mafuta osungunuka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi petroleum sulfonates ndi amine surfactants.Zida zosungunuka m'madzi zimagwira ntchito yolimbana ndi sera posintha mawonekedwe a malo opangidwa ndi sera (monga mapaipi amafuta, ndodo zoyamwitsa ndi zida).Opezeka surfactants monga sodium alkyl sulfonates, quaternary ammonium salt, alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, onunkhira hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers ndi sulfonate sodium salt, etc. Surfactants ntchito sera kuchotsa nawonso anawagawa mbali ziwiri.Ma surfactants osungunuka ndi mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa sera, komanso mtundu wa sulfonate wosungunuka m'madzi, mtundu wa mchere wa quaternary ammonium, mtundu wa polyether, mtundu wapakati, ma surfactants amtundu wa OP, Sulfate-based kapena sulfo-alkylated flat-type ndi mtundu wa OPsurfactants amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa sera m'madzi.M'zaka zaposachedwapa, zochotsa sera zapakhomo ndi zakunja zakhala zikuphatikizidwa mwachilengedwe, ndipo zochotsa sera zokhala ndi mafuta ndi zochotsamo madzi zakhala zikuphatikizidwa kuti zipange zochotsa sera zosakanizidwa.Chochotsera phula ichi chimagwiritsa ntchito ma hydrocarbon onunkhira komanso ma hydrocarbon osakaniza onunkhira ngati gawo lamafuta, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito emulsifier yokhala ndi phula loyeretsa ngati gawo la madzi.Pamene emulsifier osankhidwa ndi nonionic surfactant ndi yoyenera mtambo mfundo, kutentha pansi pa phula gawo la chitsime mafuta akhoza kufika kapena kupitirira mtambo wake mfundo, kotero kuti wosakaniza sera chochotsa akhoza The emulsification wosweka asanalowe gawo kupanga sera. , ndi zida ziwiri zochotsera phula zimalekanitsidwa, zomwe nthawi imodzi zimagwira ntchito yochotsa sera.

3. Ma Surfactantsamagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akhazikike dongo

Dongo lokhazikika limagawidwa m'magulu awiri: kuteteza kukula kwa mchere wadongo ndikuletsa kusamuka kwa tinthu tating'ono tadongo.Ma cationic surfactants monga mtundu wa mchere wa amine, mtundu wa mchere wa quaternary ammonium, mtundu wa mchere wa pyridinium, ndi mchere wa imidazoline ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza dongo kutupa.Mafuta a fluorine okhala ndi nonionic-cationic surfactants amapezeka kuti aletse kusamuka kwa dongo.

4. Ma Surfactantsamagwiritsidwa ntchito muzochita za acidification

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo acidification, zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zimawonjezeredwa ku yankho la asidi.Chilichonse chopangidwa ndi surfactant chomwe chimagwirizana ndi yankho la asidi ndipo chimakopeka mosavuta ndi mapangidwe ake chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati cholepheretsa acidification.Monga mafuta amine hydrochloride, quaternary ammonium mchere, pyridine mchere mu cationic surfactants ndi sulfonated, carboxymethylated, mankwala ester mchere kapena sulphate ester mchere polyoxyethylene alkanes mu amphoteric surfactants m'munsi phenol efa, etc. Ena monga surfamine acid alkanes ndi alkanes surfactants mchere, etc. , akhoza emulsify asidi madzi mu mafuta kupanga asidi-mu-mafuta emulsion.emulsion Izi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati acidified mafakitale madzi komanso amachita retarding udindo.

Ma surfactants ena amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anti-emulsifiers pakumwa acidifying zakumwa.Zopangira zinthu zokhala ndi nthambi monga polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether ndi polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati acidifying anti-emulsifiers.

Ma surfactants ena atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zoperekera madzi opanda asidi.Zowonjezera zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zothandizira kukhetsa madzi zimaphatikizapo mtundu wa mchere wa amine, mtundu wa mchere wa quaternary ammonium, mtundu wa mchere wa pyridinium, nonionic, amphoteric ndi fluorine-containing surfactants.

Ma surfactants ena atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anti-sludge agents, monga osungunula mafuta, monga alkylphenols, fatty acids, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, quaternary ammonium salt, etc. mu njira ya asidi.

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo acidification, chonyowetsa chosinthira chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku njira ya asidi kuti athetse kunyowa kwa pafupi ndi chitsime kuchokera ku lipophilic kupita ku hydrophilic.Zosakaniza za polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers ndi phosphate-salted polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers zimakongoletsedwa ndi mapangidwe kuti apange wosanjikiza wachitatu, womwe umagwira ntchito pakunyowetsa ndi kusintha.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimapangidwira, monga mafuta amine hydrochloride, mchere wa quaternary ammonium kapena nonionic-anionic surfactant, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati opangira thovu kupanga chithovu chogwira ntchito chamadzimadzi kuti akwaniritse cholinga chochepetsera dzimbiri ndi acidification yakuya, kapena Foams amapangidwa. kuchokera pa izi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pre-fluid kwa acidification.Atatha kubayidwa mu mapangidwe, njira ya asidi imalowetsedwa.Mphamvu ya Jamin yopangidwa ndi thovu mu thovu imatha kupatutsa madzi a asidi, kukakamiza madzi amadzimadzi kuti asungunuke kwambiri wosanjikiza wocheperako, potero kuwongolera acidification.

5. surfactants ntchito miyeso fracturing

Njira zochepetsera mafuta nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yamafuta ochepa.Amagwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kuti atsegule mapangidwe kuti apange fractures, ndikugwiritsa ntchito proppant kuthandizira fractures kuti achepetse kukana kwamadzimadzi ndikukwaniritsa cholinga choonjezera kupanga ndi chidwi.Madzi ena ophwanyika amapangidwa ndi ma surfactants ngati chimodzi mwazosakaniza.

Mafuta opaka m'madzi amapangidwa ndi madzi, mafuta ndi emulsifiers.Ma emulsifiers omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ionic, nonionic ndi amphoteric surfactants.Ngati madzi okhuthala amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lakunja ndipo mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lamkati, mafuta ochulukirapo m'madzi amadzimadzi (polymer emulsion) amatha kukonzekera.Madzi ophwanyikawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potentha pansi pa 160 ° C ndipo amatha kuswa ma emulsion ndi kukhetsa madzi.

Foam fracturing fluid ndi fracturing fluid yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito madzi ngati njira yobalalitsira ndi gasi ngati gawo lobalalika.Zigawo zake zazikulu ndi madzi, gasi ndi thovu.Alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfate ester salt, quaternary ammonium salt ndi OP surfactants zonse zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thovu.Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotulutsa thovu m'madzi nthawi zambiri kumakhala 0.5-2%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa gawo la gasi mpaka voliyumu ya thovu kumakhala pakati pa 0.5-0.9.

Mafuta opangidwa ndi fracturing fluid ndi fracturing fluid yopangidwa ndi mafuta monga zosungunulira kapena dispersion medium.Mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamalopo ndi mafuta osapsa kapena gawo lake lolemera.Kuti apititse patsogolo kukhuthala kwake komanso kutentha kwake, mafuta osungunuka a petroleum sulfonate (maselo olemera 300-750) ayenera kuwonjezeredwa.Mafuta amadzimadzi opangira mafuta amaphatikizanso madzi opaka mafuta opaka mafuta ndi madzi opangira thovu.Ma emulsifiers omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbuyomu ndi mafuta osungunuka anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants ndi nonionic surfactants, pamene zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potsirizira pake zimakhala ndi ma polima a fluorine.

Madzi-tcheru mapangidwe fracturing madzimadzi amagwiritsa ntchito osakaniza mowa (monga ethylene glycol) ndi mafuta (monga palafini) monga sing'anga kumwazikana, madzi carbon dioxide monga gawo omwazika, ndi sulfate-mchere polyoxyethylene alkyl mowa efa monga emulsifier.Kapena emulsion kapena thovu lopangidwa ndi thovu kuti liphwanye mapangidwe osamva madzi.

The fracturing fluid yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga fracturing ndi acidification ndimadzimadzi ophulika komanso acidifying fluid.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga carbonate, ndipo miyeso iwiriyi imachitika nthawi imodzi.Zogwirizana ndi surfactants ndi asidi thovu ndi asidi emulsion.Yoyamba imagwiritsa ntchito alkyl sulfonate kapena alkyl benzene sulfonate ngati thovu, ndipo yotsirizirayi imagwiritsa ntchito sulfonate surfactant ngati emulsifier.Monga madzi a acidifying, madzi ophwanyidwa amagwiritsanso ntchito zowonjezera monga anti-emulsifiers, drainage aids ndi wetting reversal agents, zomwe sizidzakambidwa pano.

6. Gwiritsani ntchito ma surfactants pakuwongolera mbiri ndi njira zotsekereza madzi

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha jekeseni wa madzi ndikuchepetsa kukwera kwa madzi opanda mafuta, m'pofunika kusintha momwe madzi amayankhira pazitsime za jekeseni wa madzi ndikuwonjezera kupanga potseka madzi pazitsime zopangira.Zina mwazowongolera mbiri ndi njira zotsekereza madzi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ma surfactants.

HPC/SDS gelisi yowongolera mbiri ya gel imapangidwa ndi hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) ndi sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) m'madzi atsopano.

Sodium alkyl sulfonate ndi alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride amasungunuka m'madzi kuti akonze zakumwa ziwiri zogwira ntchito, zomwe zimayikidwa mu mapangidwe amodzi pambuyo pake.Zamadzimadzi ziwiri zogwirira ntchito zimalumikizana wina ndi mnzake popanga kupanga alkyl trimethylamine.The sulfite precipitates ndi kutsekereza mkulu permeability wosanjikiza.

Polyoxyethylene alkili phenol ethers, alkyl aryl sulfonates, etc. angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati thovu wothandizila, kusungunuka m'madzi kukonzekera madzimadzi ntchito, ndiyeno jekeseni mu mapangidwe alternately ndi madzi carbon dioxide ntchito madzimadzi, basi mu mapangidwe (makamaka mkulu The permeable). layer) imapanga thovu, imatulutsa kutsekeka, ndipo imagwira ntchito pakuwongolera mbiri.

Pogwiritsa ntchito quaternary ammonium surfactant ngati thovu losungunuka mu silicic acid sol yopangidwa ndi ammonium sulfate ndi galasi lamadzi ndikulowetsa mu mapangidwe, ndikubaya mpweya wosasunthika (gasi wachilengedwe kapena chlorine), mawonekedwe amadzimadzi amatha kupangidwa. mu mapangidwe poyamba.The thovu mu kubalalitsidwa interlayer, kutsatiridwa ndi gelation wa silicic asidi sol, umatulutsa thovu ndi olimba monga sing'anga kubalalitsidwa, amene amasewera ndi plugging mkulu permeability wosanjikiza ndi kulamulira mbiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito sulfonate surfactants monga thovu wothandizila ndi polima mankhwala monga thickening thovu stabilizers, ndiyeno jekeseni mpweya kapena gasi zinthu, ndi madzi thovu kwaiye pansi kapena mapangidwe.Chithovu ichi chimagwira ntchito pamtunda wamafuta.Kuchuluka kwa wothandizira kumasunthira ku mawonekedwe a madzi a mafuta, kuchititsa chiwonongeko cha thovu, kotero sichimalepheretsa kusanjikiza kwa mafuta.Ndiwosankha komanso mafuta otsekereza madzi.

Mafuta opangira simenti yotchinga madzi ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa simenti mumafuta.Pamwamba pa simenti ndi hydrophilic.Ikalowa m’gawo lopanga madzi, madzi amachotsa kugwirizana pakati pa chitsime cha mafuta ndi simenti pamwamba pa simentiyo, kuchititsa kuti simentiyo ikhale yolimba ndi kutsekereza gawo lotulutsa madzi.Pofuna kukonza madzi amadzimadzi a plugging, carboxylate ndi sulfonate surfactants nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa.

Madzi opangidwa ndi micellar sungunuka madzi kutsekereza wothandizira ndi njira yothetsera micellar makamaka wopangidwa ndi petroleum ammonium sulfonate, hydrocarbon ndi alcohols.Lili ndi madzi amchere apamwamba mu mapangidwe ndipo amakhala viscous kuti akwaniritse zoletsa madzi..

Madzi opangidwa ndi madzi kapena opangidwa ndi mafuta a cationic surfactant njira yotsekereza madzi amachokera pa alkyl carboxylate ndi alkyl ammonium chloride salt active agents ndipo ndi oyenera kupanga mapangidwe a mchenga.

Mafuta olemetsa otsekereza madzi ndi mtundu wamafuta olemera omwe amasungunuka ndi emulsifier yamadzi-mu-mafuta.Zimapanga emulsion yamadzi-mu-mafuta yowoneka bwino kwambiri pambuyo pa mapangidwe achotsedwa kuti akwaniritse cholinga chotsekereza madzi.

Mafuta otsekera madzi m'madzi amakonzedwa ndi emulsifying mafuta olemera m'madzi pogwiritsa ntchito cationic surfactant ngati emulsifier yamafuta m'madzi.

7. Gwiritsani ntchito ma surfactants poyezera mchenga

Asanayambe kuwongolera mchenga, madzi ena opangidwa ndi ma surfactants amafunika kubayidwa ngati chisanadze madzi kuti ayeretse mapangidwewo kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu ya mchenga.Masiku ano, ma surfactants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi anionic surfactants.

8. Zokwanira kutulutsa mafuta m'thupi

M'magawo oyamba ndi achiwiri obwezeretsanso mafuta, mafuta opangira mafuta m'madzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mafuta osapsa.Mibadwo itatu yazinthu zapangidwa.M'badwo woyamba ndi carboxylate, sulfate ndi sulfonate.M'badwo wachiwiri ndi otsika ma cell nonionic surfactants monga OP, Pingpingjia ndi sulfonated castor oil.M'badwo wachitatu ndi polymer nonionic surfactant.

M'magawo omaliza a kubwezeretsedwa kwamafuta achiwiri komanso kuchira kwamafuta apamwamba, mafuta opangira mafuta amakhalapo ngati emulsion yamafuta m'madzi.Pali mitundu inayi ya zowononga zowononga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga tetradecyltrimethyloxyammonium chloride ndi didecyldimethylammonium chloride.Amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi emulsifiers ya anionic kuti asinthe mtengo wawo wamafuta a hydrophilic, kapena Adsorbed pamtunda wa dongo lamadzi lonyowa, kusintha kunyowa kwawo ndikuwononga emulsions yamafuta m'madzi.Kuphatikiza apo, ma anionic surfactants ndi mafuta osasungunuka osasunthika omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati opaka m'madzi amafuta amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma emulsifiers amafuta am'madzi.

1. Ma Surfactants opangira madzi

Madzi opangira chitsime chamafuta akasiyanitsidwa ndi mafuta osakhazikika, madzi opangidwawo amafunikira kukonzedwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zoyankhiranso.Pali zolinga zisanu ndi chimodzi zochizira madzi, zomwe ndi kuletsa dzimbiri, kupewa sikelo, kutsekereza, kuchotsa mpweya, kuchotsa mafuta ndi kuchotsa zinthu zolimba zoyimitsidwa.Choncho, m`pofunika ntchito dzimbiri zoletsa, odana makulitsidwe wothandizila, bactericides, mpweya scavengers, degreasers ndi flocculants, etc. Zotsatirazi zimaphatikizapo surfactants mafakitale:

Ma Industrial surfactants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati corrosion inhibitors ndi monga mchere wa alkyl sulfonic acid, alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid, linear alkyl amine salt, quaternary ammonium salt, ndi alkyl pyridine salt., mchere wa imidazoline ndi zotumphukira zake, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene dialkyl propargyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene rosin amine, polyoxyethylene stearylamine ndi polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers Alkyl sulfonanary, ammopolnenium salt zam'kati zosiyanasiyana zotumphukira.

Ma Surfactants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antifouling agents amaphatikizapo mchere wa phosphate ester, mchere wa sulfate ester, acetates, carboxylates ndi mankhwala awo a polyoxyethylene.Kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa mchere wa sulfonate ester ndi mchere wa carboxylate ndikwabwino kwambiri kuposa mchere wa phosphate ester ndi sulphate ester salt.

Mafakitale opangira ma fungicides amaphatikizapo mchere wa alkylamine, mchere wa quaternary ammonium, mchere wa alkylpyridinium, mchere wa imidazoline ndi zotumphukira zake, mchere wa quaternary ammonium, di(polyoxy) Vinyl) alkyl ndi mchere wamkati wa zotumphukira zake.

Ma surfactants a mafakitale omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu degreasers makamaka amakhala opangidwa ndi nthambi ndi magulu a sodium dithiocarboxylate.

10. Surfactant kwa mankhwala mafuta kusefukira

Kubwezeretsa mafuta a pulayimale ndi achiwiri kumatha kubweza 25% -50% yamafuta amafuta apansi panthaka, koma pamakhalabe mafuta ochulukirapo ambiri omwe amakhalabe mobisa ndipo sangathe kupezedwanso.Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi.Kubwezeretsanso mafuta kwanthawi yayitali kumagwiritsa ntchito njira ya kusefukira kwa mankhwala, ndiko kuti, kuwonjezera zinthu zina zamadzimadzi m'madzi obaya kuti athandizire kusefukira kwamadzi.Pakati pa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ena ndi opangidwa ndi mafakitale.Chidule chachidule cha iwo ndi motere:

Njira yothetsera kusefukira kwamafuta pogwiritsa ntchito surfactant monga chothandizira chachikulu chimatchedwa kusefukira kwamadzi.Ma Surfactants makamaka amathandizira kukonza kuchira kwamafuta pochepetsa kupsinjika kwamadzi ndi madzi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma capillaries.Popeza pamwamba pa mapangidwe a mchengawo ali ndi mlandu wolakwika, zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka zimakhala za anionic surfactants, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo ndi sulfonate surfactants.Amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito sulfonating agent (monga sulfure trioxide) kuti sulfonate mafuta tizigawo ta mafuta onunkhira okhutira hydrocarbon okhutira, ndiyeno neutralizing iwo ndi zamchere.Mafotokozedwe ake: yogwira mankhwala 50% -80%, mchere mafuta 5% -30%, madzi 2% -20%, sodium sulfate 1% -6%.Mafuta a sulfonate sagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha, mchere, kapena ayoni achitsulo okwera mtengo.Synthetic sulfonates amapangidwa kuchokera ku ma hydrocarbons ofanana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira.Pakati pawo, α-olefin sulfonate imalimbana kwambiri ndi mchere komanso ayoni achitsulo apamwamba kwambiri.Ma anionic-nonionic surfactants ndi ma carboxylate surfactants amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mafuta.Kusamuka kwamafuta opangira mafuta kumafuna mitundu iwiri ya zowonjezera: imodzi ndi co-surfactant, monga isobutanol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, urea, sulfonane, alkenylene benzene sulfonate, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ina ndi dielectric, kuphatikizapo asidi ndi mchere wamchere, makamaka mchere, zomwe zingachepetse hydrophilicity ya surfactant ndi kuonjezera lipophilicity, komanso kusintha hydrophilic-lipophilic moyenera mtengo wa yogwira wothandizira.Pofuna kuchepetsa kutayika kwa ma surfactant komanso kupititsa patsogolo zachuma, kusefukira kwa madzi kumagwiritsiranso ntchito mankhwala otchedwa nsembe.Zinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zoperekera nsembe zimaphatikizapo zinthu zamchere ndi ma polycarboxylic acid ndi mchere wawo.Oligomers ndi ma polima atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati operekera nsembe.Lignosulfonates ndi zosintha zawo ndizopereka nsembe.

Njira yosinthira mafuta pogwiritsa ntchito zida ziwiri kapena zingapo zosinthira mafuta zimatchedwa kusefukira kwamafuta.Njira yosamutsira mafuta iyi yokhudzana ndi ma surfactants imaphatikizapo: surfactant ndi polima unakhuthala surfactant kusefukira;Madzi osefukira owonjezera a alkali ndi kusefukira kwa alkali + pamwamba kapena kusefukira kwa alkali;kusefukira kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi alkali + surfactant + polima.Kusefukira kwa kompositi nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi zinthu zotsitsimula kwambiri kuposa pagalimoto imodzi.Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa wa zochitika zachitukuko kunyumba ndi kunja, kusefukira kwa madzi kwa ternary kumakhala ndi zabwino zambiri kuposa kusefukira kwa binary.The surfactants ntchito ternary gulu kusefukira makamaka petroleum sulfonates, kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwanso ntchito osakaniza asidi sulfuric, asidi phosphoric ndi carboxylates wa polyoxyethylene alkyl mowa ethers, ndi polyoxyethylene alkyl mowa alkyl sulfonate sodium mchere.etc. kukonza kulolerana kwake mchere.Posachedwapa, kunyumba ndi kunja aika kufunika kwambiri kafukufuku ndi ntchito biosurfactants, monga rhamnolipid, sophorolipid nayonso mphamvu msuzi, etc., komanso zachilengedwe osakaniza carboxylates ndi papermaking ndi mankhwala alkali lignin, etc., ndipo akwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino m'munda ndi m'nyumba mayesero.Ubwino wochotsa mafuta m'thupi.