Ngwa nke surfactants na mmepụta mmanụ

Ngwa nkesurfactantsna mmepụta ubi mmanụ

1. Surfactants eji maka Ngwuputa mmanụ dị arọ

N'ihi nnukwu viscosity na mmiri na-adịghị mma nke mmanụ dị arọ, ọ na-eweta ọtụtụ ihe isi ike na Ngwuputa.Iji wepụ mmanụ ndị a dị arọ, ọ na-adị mkpa mgbe ụfọdụ ịgbanye ngwọta mmiri nke surfactant downhole iji gbanwee mmanụ dị arọ nke viscosity dị elu ka ọ bụrụ emulsion nke mmanụ na-enweghị viscosity ma wepụ ya n'elu.The surfactants eji na nke a arọ mmanụ emulsification na viscosity mbelata usoro gụnyere sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Vinyl alkyl mmanya ether sulfate sodiumin mmiri emulsion mmanụ-ether sulfate sodiumin, wdg. emepụtara chọrọ ikewapụ mmiri ma jiri ụfọdụ ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ikpo ọkụ.Ndị a demulsifiers bụ mmiri na mmanụ emulsifiers.A na-ejikarị cationic surfactants ma ọ bụ naphthenic acid, asphaltonic acid na nnu metal ha nwere ọtụtụ ihe.

Enweghị ike igwu mmanụ dị arọ pụrụ iche site na nkeji ịgbapụta ihe na-achọkarị ịgbanye uzuoku maka mgbake ọkụ.Iji meziwanye mmetụta mgbake ọkụ, ọ dị mkpa iji surfactants.Ịgbanye ụfụfụ n'ime ntụtụ nke uzuoku nke ọma, ya bụ, ịgbanye ihe na-eme ka ụfụfụ na-eguzogide okpomọkụ na gas na-adịghị mma, bụ otu n'ime usoro mgbanwe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe.

A na-ejikarị ụfụfụ eme ihe bụ alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers na sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, wdg N'ihi na fluorinated n'elu oxygen, okpomọkụ na elu acid na-eme ka elu acid na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ na-eme ka elu acid na-arụ ọrụ na ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ. mmanụ, ha bụ ezigbo ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ.Iji mee ka mmanụ a gbasasịrị agbasa ngwa ngwa na-agafe n'usoro akpịrị akpịrị nke nhazi ahụ, ma ọ bụ iji mee ka mmanụ dị n'elu nhazi ahụ dị mfe ịchụpụ, ọ dị mkpa iji surfactant a na-akpọ ihe nkiri mgbasa ozi.Ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ ọrụ elu oxyalkylated phenolic resin polima.onye nnọchi anya.

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1. Surfactants maka Ngwuputa waxy crude mmanụ

Iji mmanụ crude waxy na-erigbu na-achọ ka a na-egbochi waks ugboro ugboro na iwepụ wax.Surfactants na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbochi wax na iwepụ wax.E nwere ihe ndị na-eme ka mmanụ na-agbaze na ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe mgbochi.Nke mbụ na-arụ ọrụ mgbochi-wax site n'ịgbanwe njirimara nke elu kristal wax.Ihe ndị na-agbaze mmanụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ petroleum sulfonates na amine surfactants.Ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri na-agbaze mmiri na-arụ ọrụ mgbochi waks site n'ịgbanwe njirimara nke ebe a na-emepụta wax (dị ka ọkpọkọ mmanụ, mkpanaka ndị na-aṅụ mmanya na ihe ndị dị na ngwá ọrụ).Dị surfactants gụnyere sodium alkyl sulfonates, quaternary ammonium salts, alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers na ha sulfonate sodium salts, wdg Surfactants eji maka wax wepụ na-ekewa abụọ akụkụ.A na-eji ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta mmanụ na-emepụta mmanụ na-emepụta mmanụ, na ụdị sulfonate mmiri na-edozi, ụdị nnu ammonium quaternary, ụdị polyether, ụdị Tween, ụdị OP surfactants, Sulfate dabeere ma ọ bụ sulfo-alkylated flat-ụdị na OP-ụdị.surfactantA na-eji s na-ewepụ ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị na mmiri.N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a na-ejikọta ndị na-ewepụ ihe na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime ụlọ na nke mba ọzọ, na ndị na-ewepụ ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na mmanụ na-eme ka mmiri na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-ekpochapụ ngwakọ.Ihe na-ewepụ wax a na-eji hydrocarbons aromatic na ngwakọta aromatic hydrocarbons dị ka oge mmanụ, ma na-eji emulsifier nwere mmetụta na-ekpochapụ wax dị ka oge mmiri.Mgbe emulsifier ahọpụtara bụ surfactant nonionic nke nwere ebe igwe ojii kwesịrị ekwesị, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru mpaghara ịwasị mmanụ nke ọma nwere ike iru ma ọ bụ gafere ebe ígwé ojii ya, nke mere na ihe na-ewepụ wax a gwakọtara nwere ike gbajiri emulsification tupu ịbanye na ngalaba na-emepụta wax. , na ihe abụọ na-ekpochapụ wax na-ekewapụ, bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'otu oge nke nhichapụ wax.

3. Surfactantseji mee ka ụrọ kwụsie ike

A na-ekewa ụrọ na-eme ka ọ kwụsie ike n'akụkụ abụọ: igbochi mgbasawanye nke mineral ụrọ na igbochi ịkwaga nke ụrọ ịnweta ụrọ.Enwere ike iji ihe ndị na-eme ka cationic dị ka ụdị nnu amine, ụdị nnu nke ammonium quaternary, ụdị nnu pyridinium, na nnu imidazoline iji gbochie ọzịza ụrọ.Fluorine nwere nonionic-cationic surfactants dị iji gbochie mbugharị nke ịnweta ụrọ.

4. Surfactantseji mee ihe na usoro acidification

Iji meziwanye mmetụta acidification, a na-agbakwunye ọtụtụ ihe mgbakwunye na ngwọta acid.Ihe ọ bụla surfactant na-adaba na ngwọta acid na-adị mfe site na nhazi ahụ nwere ike iji mee ihe dị ka ihe nkwụsịtụ acidification.Dị ka abụba amine hydrochloride, quaternary ammonium nnu, pyridine nnu na cationic surfactants na sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate ester salted ma ọ bụ sulfate ester salted polyoxyethylene alkanes na amphoteric surfactants isi phenol ether, wdg Ụfọdụ surfactants, dị ka dodecyl acid ya dodecyl. , nwere ike emulsify acid mmiri mmiri na mmanụ na-emepụta ihe acid-na-mmanụ emulsion.Enwere ike iji emulsion a dị ka mmiri mmiri mmepụta ihe acidified ma na-arụkwa ọrụ azụ azụ.

Enwere ike iji ụfọdụ surfactants dị ka ihe mgbochi emulsifiers maka mmiri mmiri na-eme acidification.Enwere ike iji ihe ndị dị n'elu nwere akụkụ alaka dị ka polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether na polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine dị ka acidifying mgbochi emulsifiers.

Enwere ike iji ụfọdụ surfactants dị ka ihe enyemaka mgbapu na-enweghị acid.Ihe ndị dị n'elu nke enwere ike iji dị ka ihe enyemaka drainage gụnyere ụdị nnu amine, ụdị nnu nke ammonium quaternary, ụdị nnu pyridinium, nonionic, amphoteric na fluorine nwere surfactants.

Ụfọdụ surfactants nwere ike iji dị ka acidifying mgbochi sludge mmadụ, dị ka mmanụ-soluble surfactants, dị ka alkylphenols, ọdụdụ asịd, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, quaternary ammonium salts, wdg N'ihi na ha nwere ogbenye acid solubility, nonionic surfactants nwere ike iji gbasasịa ha. na ngwọta acid.

Iji mee ka mmetụta acidification dịkwuo mma, ọ dị mkpa ka a gbakwunye onye na-emegharị mmiri mmiri na ngwọta acid iji gbanwee wettability nke mpaghara dị nso nke ọma site na lipophilic gaa na hydrophilic.Ngwakọta nke polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers na phosphate-salted polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers na-adsorbed site nguzobe na-etolite atọ adsorption oyi akwa, nke na-ekere òkè na wetting na ntughari.

Na mgbakwunye, e nwere ụfọdụ surfactants, dị ka fatty amine hydrochloride, quaternary ammonium nnu ma ọ bụ nonionic-anionic surfactant, nke a na-eji dị ka ụfụfụ eme ka ụfụfụ acid na-arụ ọrụ mmiri mmiri iji nweta nzube nke slowing corrosion na miri acidification, ma ọ bụ Foams na-mere. site na nke a ma jiri ya dị ka mmiri mbụ maka acidification.Mgbe etinyere ha n'ime nhazi ahụ, a na-agbanye ngwọta acid.Mmetụta Jamin nke afụ dị na ụfụfụ na-emepụta nwere ike gbanwee mmiri mmiri acid, na-amanye mmiri mmiri acid ka ọ gbazee oyi akwa dị ala, si otú ahụ na-eme ka mmetụta acidification dịkwuo mma.

5. Surfactants eji na-agbaji jikoro

A na-ejikarị ihe ndị na-agbaji agbaji eme ihe n'ubi mmanụ na-esighị ike.Ha na-eji nrụgide meghee nhazi ahụ iji mepụta mgbaji, na-eji proppant na-akwado mgbaji ahụ iji belata nkwụsị nke mmiri mmiri ma nweta nzube nke ịba ụba mmepụta na nlebara anya.A na-eji ihe surfactant mepụta ụfọdụ mmiri na-agbaji agbaji dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị ahụ.

A na-eji mmiri, mmanụ na emulsifiers mepụta mmiri na-agbaji mmanụ n'ime mmiri.Emulsifiers eji bụ ionic, nonionic na amphoteric surfactants.Ọ bụrụ na a na-eji mmiri na-agba agba dị ka akụkụ nke mpụga na mmanụ a na-eji dị ka akụkụ nke ime, enwere ike ịkwado mmiri na-agbaji mmanụ na-agbaji (polymer emulsion).Enwere ike iji mmiri na-agbaji agbaji na okpomọkụ n'okpuru 160 Celsius ma nwee ike imebi emulsions na igbapu mmiri mmiri.

Mmiri ụfụfụ na-agbaji bụ mmiri na-agbaji agbaji nke na-eji mmiri dị ka ihe na-ekesa na gas dị ka oge a gbasasịrị.Ihe ndị bụ isi ya bụ mmiri, gas na onye na-afụ ụfụfụ.Alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfate ester salts, quaternary ammonium salts na OP surfactants nwere ike iji mee ihe niile dị ka ndị na-emepụta ụfụfụ.Ntinye uche nke onye na-eme ụfụfụ na mmiri na-abụkarị 0.5-2%, na oke nke gas gas na olu ụfụfụ dị na 0.5-0.9.

Mmiri na-agbaji nke dabeere na mmanụ bụ mmiri na-agbaji agbaji nke e ji mmanụ mee dị ka ihe mgbaze ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi.Mmanụ a na-ejikarị na saịtị ahụ bụ mmanụ crude ma ọ bụ akụkụ ya dị arọ.Iji mee ka viscosity ya dịkwuo mma na njirimara okpomọkụ ya, ọ dị mkpa ịgbakwunye sulfonate mmanụ soluble mmanụ (molecular arọ 300-750).Mmiri na-agbaji nke sitere na mmanụ na-agụnyekwa mmiri na-agbaji mmiri na mmanụ na mmiri ụfụfụ mmanụ.Ihe emulsifiers ejiri mee ihe na mbụ bụ ihe ndị na-eme ka mmanụ aṅụ na-edozi mmanụ, cationic surfactants na nonionic surfactants, ebe ụfụfụ stabilizers eji na nke ikpeazụ bụ fluorine-nwere polymer surfactants.

Mmiri na-enwe mmetụta nke mmiri na-agbaji agbaji na-eji ngwakọta mmanya (dị ka ethylene glycol) na mmanụ (dị ka kerosene) dị ka ihe na-agbasa, carbon dioxide mmiri mmiri dị ka oge gbasasịrị, na sulfate-salted polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether dị ka emulsifier.Ma ọ bụ emulsion ma ọ bụ ụfụfụ emepụtara ya na ihe na-afụ ụfụ iji gbajie nhazi mmiri nwere mmetụta.

Mmiri na-agbaji agbaji a na-eji maka mgbawa na acidification bụ ma mmiri na-agbaji ma na-eme ka mmiri na-agbaji.A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ụdị carbonate, a na-eme ihe abụọ ahụ n'otu oge.Ihe metụtara surfactants bụ ụfụfụ acid na emulsion acid.Nke mbụ na-eji alkyl sulfonate ma ọ bụ alkyl benzene sulfonate dị ka onye na-eme ụfụfụ, nke ikpeazụ na-eji sulfonate surfactant dị ka emulsifier.Dị ka acidifying mmiri mmiri, mmiri na-agbajikwa na-ejikwa surfactants dị ka mgbochi emulsifiers, drainage aids and wetting reversal agents, nke a na-agaghị atụle ebe a.

6. Jiri surfactants maka njikwa profaịlụ na mgbochi mmiri

Iji meziwanye mmetụta mmepe nke ntụtụ mmiri na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke mmiri mmanụ mmanụ, ọ dị mkpa iji dozie profaịlụ nnabata mmiri na olulu mmiri mmiri na-abawanye mmepụta site na igbochi mmiri na olulu mmiri mmepụta.Ụfọdụ njikwa profaịlụ na ụzọ mgbochi mmiri na-ejikarị ụfọdụ surfactants.

HPC/SDS gel profaịlụ njikwa ihe mejupụtara hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) na sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) na mmiri ọhụrụ.

Sodium alkyl sulfonate na alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride na-agbaze n'otu n'otu na mmiri iji kwadebe mmiri mmiri abụọ na-arụ ọrụ, nke a na-agbanye n'ime nhazi otu mgbe.Mmiri abụọ na-arụ ọrụ na-emekọ ihe ọnụ na nhazi iji mepụta alkyl trimethylamine.Sulfite na-ebuli ma na-egbochi oyi akwa permeability dị elu.

Polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, alkyl aryl sulfonates, wdg nwere ike ji mee ihe dị ka ụfụfụ mmadụ, etisasịwo na mmiri iji kwadebe a na-arụ ọrụ mmiri mmiri, na mgbe ahụ, injected n'ime e guzobere alternately na mmiri mmiri carbon dioxide na-arụ ọrụ mmiri mmiri, dị nnọọ na e guzobere (tumadi elu The permeable). oyi akwa) na-etolite ụfụfụ, na-emepụta mgbochi, ma na-ekere òkè na njikwa profaịlụ.

N'iji quaternary ammonium surfactant dị ka onye na-emepụta ụfụfụ gbazere na silicic acid sol nke nwere ammonium sulfate na iko mmiri ma tinye ya n'ime nhazi ahụ, wee gbanye gas na-abụghị condensable (gasị eke ma ọ bụ chlorine), ụdị mmiri mmiri nwere ike ịmepụta. na nhazi mbụ.Ụfụfụ na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi, na-esote gelation nke silicic acid sol, na-emepụta ụfụfụ na-esi ike dị ka mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi, nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ịkwanye akwa akwa permeability na ịchịkwa profaịlụ.

N'iji sulfonate surfactants dị ka ndị na-emepụta ụfụfụ na ogige polymer dị ka ndị na-eme ka ụfụfụ na-eme ka ọ dị arọ, na-agbanye gas ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-emepụta gas, a na-emepụta ụfụfụ mmiri na ala ma ọ bụ na-emepụta.Ụfụfụ a na-arụ ọrụ n'elu akwa mmanụ.Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ na-akwaga na ntinye mmanụ-mmiri, na-akpata mbibi ụfụfụ, n'ihi ya, ọ naghị egbochi oyi akwa mmanụ.Ọ bụ onye na-ahọrọ na mmanụ olulu mmiri na-egbochi mmiri.

Onye na-egbochi mmiri simenti sitere na mmanụ bụ nkwusioru nke ciment na mmanụ.N'elu ciment bụ hydrophilic.Mgbe ọ na-abanye n'ime mmiri na-emepụta mmiri, mmiri na-eme ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mmanụ mmanụ na ciment dị n'elu ciment, na-eme ka ciment sie ike ma gbochie oyi akwa na-emepụta mmiri.Iji meziwanye mmiri nke ihe nkwụnye nkwụnye a, a na-agbakwunyekarị carboxylate na sulfonate surfactants.

Ihe na-egbochi mmiri micellar mmiri na-agbaze mmiri bụ ihe ngwọta micellar mebere nke mmanụ ala ammonium sulfonate, hydrocarbons na alcohols.Ọ nwere mmiri nnu dị elu na nhazi wee ghọọ viscous iji nweta mmetụta mgbochi mmiri..

Ihe ngwọta cationic surfactant nke dabeere na mmiri ma ọ bụ mmanụ sitere na ihe na-egbochi mmiri na-adabere na alkyl carboxylate na alkyl ammonium chloride nnu na-arụ ọrụ ma dị mma naanị maka nhazi nkume ájá.

Ihe mgbochi mmanụ dị arọ nke na-arụ ọrụ bụ ụdị mmanụ dị arọ nke ejiri emulsifier mmiri na mmanụ gbazere.Ọ na-emepụta mmiri viscous nke ukwuu na-emulsion mmanụ mgbe e guzobere ya iji nweta nzube nke igbochi mmiri.

A na-akwado onye na-egbochi mmiri nke mmanụ n'ime mmiri site na emulsifying mmanụ dị arọ n'ime mmiri site na iji cationic surfactant dị ka mmanụ n'ime mmiri emulsifier.

7. Jiri surfactants maka usoro njikwa ájá

Tupu arụ ọrụ nchịkwa ájá, ọ dị mkpa ka a gbanye mmiri ụfọdụ na-arụ ọrụ nke a kwadebere na surfactants dị ka mmiri tupu tupu ihicha nhazi ahụ iji melite mmetụta nchịkwa ájá.Ugbu a, ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ anionic surfactants.

8. Surfactant maka crude mmanụ akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ

N'oge mgbake mmanụ nke mbụ na nke abụọ, a na-ejikarị ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri na-emepụta mmanụ na-emepụta mmanụ crude.E mepụtara ọgbọ atọ nke ngwaahịa.Ọgbọ mbụ bụ carboxylate, sulfate na sulfonate.Ọgbọ nke abụọ bụ ihe ndị na-adịghị na ya dị ala dị ka OP, Pingpingjia na mmanụ castor sulfonated.Ọgbọ nke atọ bụ polymer nonionic surfactant.

N'ọkwa ikpeazụ nke mgbake mmanụ nke abụọ na mgbake mmanụ dị elu, mmanụ a na-emepụta na-adịkarị n'ụdị emulsion mmanụ n'ime mmiri.Enwere ụdị demulsifier anọ eji, dị ka tetradecyltrimethyloxyammonium chloride na didecyldimethylammonium chloride.Ha nwere ike meghachi omume na emulsifiers anionic iji gbanwee uru nguzozi mmanụ hydrophilic ha, ma ọ bụ Adsorbed n'elu mmiri ụrọ mmiri, na-agbanwe wettability ha na ibibi emulsions mmanụ n'ime mmiri.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a pụkwara iji ụfọdụ ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta anionic na mmanụ-soluble nonionic surfactants nke a pụrụ iji mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime mmanụ mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmanụ na-eme ka mmanụ na-emepụta ihe.

1. Surfactants maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri

Mgbe e kewapụrụ mmiri mmiri na-emepụta olulu mmiri na mmanụ crude, mmiri a na-emepụta kwesịrị ka a gwọọ ya iji mezuo ihe ndị a chọrọ.Enwere ebumnuche isii nke ọgwụgwọ mmiri, ya bụ mgbochi corrosion, mgbochi ọnụ ọgụgụ, sterilization, mwepụ oxygen, mwepụ mmanụ na mwepụ ihe siri ike kwụsịtụrụ.Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa iji corrosion inhibitors, mgbochi mkpali, bactericides, oxygen scavengers, degreasers na flocculants, wdg akụkụ ndị na-esonụ gụnyere mmepụta surfactants:

Ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe eji eme ihe dị ka ihe mgbochi corrosion gụnyere nnu nke alkyl sulfonic acid, alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid, linear alkyl amine salts, quaternary ammonium salts, na alkyl pyridine salts., salts nke imidazoline na usoro ya, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene dialkyl propargyl mmanya, polyoxyethylene rosin amine, polyoxyethylene stearylamine na polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers Alkyl sulfonate, iche iche quaternary ammolene saltypolys.

Ihe ndị a na-eji dị ka ihe na-egbochi nsị gụnyere phosphate ester salts, sulfate ester salts, acetates, carboxylates na ogige polyoxyethylene ha.Nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ nke sulfonate ester salts na salts carboxylate dị nnọọ mma karịa nke phosphate ester salts na sulfate ester salts.

Ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-eme ihe na fungicides gụnyere linear alkylamine salts, quaternary ammonium salts, alkylpyridinium salts, salts nke imidazoline na usoro ya, dị iche iche quaternary ammonium salts, di(polyoxy) Vinyl) alkyl na esịtidem salts nke mmepụta ya.

Ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emekarị surfactants nwere akụkụ alaka yana otu sodium dithiocarboxylate.

10. Surfactant maka mmiri mmiri mmiri mmanụ

Mweghachi mmanụ nke mbụ na nke abụọ nwere ike iweghachite 25%-50% nke mmanụ ala dị n'okpuru ala, mana a ka nwere ọtụtụ mmanụ crude nke dị n'okpuru ala na enweghị ike ị nwetaghachi ya.Ịme mgbake mmanụ nke atọ nwere ike melite mgbake mmanụ crude.Ngwọta mmanụ nke atọ na-ejikarị usoro idei mmiri kemịkal, ya bụ, na-agbakwunye ụfọdụ ọgwụ kemịkalụ na mmiri a gbanyere iji kwalite ịrụ ọrụ idei mmiri.N'ime kemịkalụ ndị e ji mee ihe, ụfọdụ bụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe.Okwu mmalite dị nkenke nye ha bụ nke a:

Usoro idei mmiri mmanụ kemịkalụ na-eji surfactant dị ka onye bụ isi a na-akpọ ide mmiri surfactant.Surfactants na-ekere òkè na-emeziwanye mgbake mmanụ site n'ibelata esemokwu n'etiti mmanụ na mmiri na ịba ụba nke capillaries.Ebe ọ bụ na a na-ebubo elu elu nke nkume ájá ahụ, ihe ndị a na-eji eme ihe bụ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ anionic surfactants, na ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ sulfonate surfactants.A na-eme ya site na iji ihe na-eme ihe na-ekpo ọkụ (dị ka sulfur trioxide) na-eme ka sulfonate mmanụ ala nwere nnukwu ọdịnaya hydrocarbon na-esi ísì ụtọ, wee wepụ ha na alkali.Nkọwa ya: ihe na-arụ ọrụ 50% -80%, mmanụ ịnweta 5% -30%, mmiri 2% -20%, sodium sulfate 1% -6%.Sulfate mmanụ ala anaghị eguzogide okpomọkụ, nnu, ma ọ bụ ion ọla dị ọnụ ala.A na-akwado sulfonates sịntetị site na hydrocarbons kwekọrọ na iji ụzọ sịntetịt kwekọrọ.N'ime ha, α-olefin sulfonate na-eguzogide ọgwụ nnu na ion metal dị elu.Ndị ọzọ anionic-nonionic surfactants na carboxylate surfactants nwekwara ike iji maka mbugharị mmanụ.Ntugharị mmanụ dị n'elu chọrọ ụdị ihe mgbakwunye abụọ: otu bụ co-surfactant, dị ka isobutanol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, urea, sulfolane, alkenylene benzene sulfonate, wdg, na nke ọzọ bụ dielectric , gụnyere acid na alkali salts, tumadi salts. nke nwere ike ibelata hydrophilicity nke surfactant ma dịtụ ịbawanye lipophilicity, ma gbanwee uru nguzozi hydrophilic-lipophilic nke onye na-arụ ọrụ.Iji belata mfu nke surfactant ma melite mmetụta akụ na ụba, idei mmiri surfactant na-ejikwa kemịkalụ a na-akpọ ndị na-achụ àjà.Ihe enwere ike iji dị ka ihe eji achụ àjà gụnyere ihe alkaline na polycarboxylic acid na nnu ha.A pụkwara iji oligomer na polymers mee ihe dị ka ndị na-achụ àjà.Lignosulfonates na mgbanwe ha bụ ihe eji achụ àjà.

Usoro mbugharị mmanụ na-eji ihe abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa mmanụ kemịkalụ bụ isi nchụpụ ka a na-akpọ ide mmiri mejupụtara.Usoro mbugharị mmanụ a metụtara surfactants gụnyere: surfactant na polymer thickened surfactant idei mmiri;Iju mmiri na-eme ka alkali dị elu na alkali + surfactant ma ọ bụ iju mmiri alkali na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu;Iju mmiri mejupụtara ihe mejupụtara ya na alkali + surfactant + polymer.Iju mmiri mejupụtara n'ozuzu nwere ihe mgbake dị elu karịa otu mbanye.Dị ka nyocha nke ugbu a nke mmepe mmepe n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ, ternary compound idei mmiri nwere elu uru karịa ọnụọgụ abụọ compound idei mmiri.Ihe ndị a na-eji eme ihe na mmiri mmiri mejupụtara ternary bụ tumadi mmanụ ala sulfonates, nke a na-ejikarị ya na sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid na carboxylates nke polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, na polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol alkyl sulfonate sodium salts.wdg iji meziwanye nnabata nnu ya.N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ma n'ụlọ ma ná mba ọzọ etinyewo nnukwu mkpa na nyocha na iji biosurfactants, dị ka rhamnolipid, sophorolipid fermentation broth, wdg, yana eke agwakọta carboxylates na papermaking site-product alkali lignin, wdg, ma nweta ya. nnukwu nsonaazụ na ubi na ule ime ụlọ.Mmetụta mgbanwe mmanụ dị mma.