Cov kev siv surfactants hauv kev lag luam roj av yog dab tsi?

Raws li txoj kev faib tawm ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv thaj chaw roj, cov surfactants rau kev siv hauv thaj chaw roj tuaj yeem faib ua pawg los ntawm kev siv rau hauv cov surfactants drilling, surfactants ntau lawm, cov surfactants rov qab tau roj zoo dua, cov surfactants sau / thauj roj thiab roj, thiab cov surfactants kho dej.

 

Cov Tshuaj Surfactants Drilling​

 

Ntawm cov surfactants hauv thaj chaw roj, cov surfactants drilling (suav nrog cov kua ntxiv rau drilling thiab cov cementing additives) suav rau qhov ntim ntau tshaj plaws - kwv yees li 60% ntawm tag nrho cov kev siv surfactant hauv thaj chaw roj. Cov surfactants tsim tawm, txawm hais tias me dua hauv qhov ntau, yog cov thev naus laus zis siab dua, suav txog ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho. Ob pawg no muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev siv surfactant hauv thaj chaw roj.

Hauv Suav teb, kev tshawb fawb tsom mus rau ob qho tseem ceeb: kev siv cov khoom siv raw li qub thiab kev tsim cov polymers tshiab (xws li monomers). Thoob ntiaj teb, kev tshawb fawb txog cov kua dej drilling yog tshwj xeeb dua, hais txog sulfonic acid pawg-muaj cov polymers synthetic ua lub hauv paus rau ntau yam khoom - ib qho kev hloov pauv uas yuav tsim cov kev txhim kho yav tom ntej. Kev tawg ua ntau yam tau ua hauv cov viscosity reducers, cov neeg sawv cev tswj kev poob kua, thiab cov roj nplua nyeem. Qhov tseem ceeb, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov tshuaj polymeric cawv surfactants nrog cov teebmeem huab tau raug siv dav thoob plaws hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm roj hauv tsev, tsim cov kab ke polymeric cawv drilling kua. Tsis tas li ntawd, methyl glucoside thiab glycerin-based drilling kua tau ua pov thawj cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev siv hauv thaj chaw, tsav tsheb ntxiv rau kev tsim cov surfactants drilling. Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj cov kua dej drilling additives suav nrog 18 pawg nrog ntau dua ib txhiab hom, nrog rau kev siv txhua xyoo ze li ntawm 300,000 tons.

 

Cov Tshuaj Surfactants Ntau Lawm​

 

Piv rau cov surfactants drilling, cov surfactants tsim tawm tsawg dua hauv ntau yam thiab ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas siv rau hauv acidizing thiab fracturing. Hauv fracturing surfactants, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev gelling feem ntau tsom mus rau cov nroj tsuag hloov kho ntuj thiab cellulose, nrog rau cov polymers hluavtaws xws li polyacrylamide. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev vam meej thoob ntiaj teb hauv acidizing fluid surfactants tau qeeb, nrog rau R & D qhov kev tsom mus raucov tshuaj tiv thaiv xebrau kev ua kom acidizing. Cov tshuaj inhibitors no feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev hloov kho lossis sib xyaw cov khoom siv raw uas twb muaj lawm, nrog lub hom phiaj sib xws ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab roj / dej solubility lossis dej dispersibility. Amine-based, quaternary ammonium, thiab alkyne cawv sib xyaw inhibitors yog qhov muaj ntau, thaum aldehyde-based inhibitors tau poob qis vim muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev lom. Lwm yam kev tsim kho tshiab suav nrog dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid complexes nrog cov amines qis-molecular-weight (piv txwv li, ethylamine, propylamine, C8–18 thawj amines, oleic diethanolamide), thiab acid-in-oil emulsifiers. Hauv Suav teb, kev tshawb fawb ntawm surfactants rau fracturing thiab acidizing kua tau qeeb, nrog kev vam meej tsawg dhau ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion. Ntawm cov khoom muaj, amine-based compounds (thawj, thib ob, tertiary, lossis quaternary amides thiab lawv cov blends) dominate, ua raws li imidazoline derivatives ua lwm chav kawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov organic corrosion inhibitors.

 

Cov roj thiab roj av sib sau ua ke / kev thauj mus los Surfactants​

 

Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tsim cov surfactants rau kev sau / thauj roj thiab roj av hauv Suav teb tau pib xyoo 1960. Niaj hnub no, muaj 14 pawg nrog ntau pua yam khoom. Cov roj av demulsifiers yog cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws, nrog rau kev thov txhua xyoo ntawm kwv yees li 20,000 tons. Suav teb tau tsim cov demulsifiers tshwj xeeb rau ntau qhov chaw roj, ntau yam uas ua tau raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb xyoo 1990. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pour point depressants, flow improvers, viscosity reducers, thiab cov neeg sawv cev tshem tawm / tiv thaiv quav ciab tseem tsawg, feem ntau yog cov khoom sib xyaw. Cov kev xav tau sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov roj av rau cov surfactants no ua rau muaj kev cov nyom thiab kev xav tau ntau dua rau kev tsim khoom tshiab.

 

Cov tshuaj ntxuav dej hauv av​

 

Cov tshuaj kho dej yog ib pawg tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov roj av, nrog rau kev siv txhua xyoo ntau dua 60,000 tons - kwv yees li 40% ntawm cov no yog surfactants. Txawm hais tias muaj kev thov ntau, kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho dej surfactants hauv Suav teb tsis txaus, thiab cov khoom lag luam tseem tsis tiav. Feem ntau cov khoom lag luam tau hloov kho los ntawm kev kho dej hauv kev lag luam, tab sis vim yog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov dej hauv roj av, lawv cov kev siv feem ntau tsis zoo, qee zaum ua tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau. Thoob ntiaj teb, kev tsim cov flocculant yog thaj chaw nquag tshaj plaws hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho dej surfactant, ua rau muaj ntau yam khoom, txawm hais tias ob peb yam tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv roj av.