Hauv kev siv tshuaj tua kab, kev siv cov khoom xyaw ncaj qha yog tsawg heev. Feem ntau cov qauv tshuaj muaj kev sib xyaw cov tshuaj tua kab nrog cov adjuvants thiab cov kuab tshuaj kom txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab txo cov nqi. Surfactants yog cov adjuvants tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov tshuaj tua kab ua haujlwm tau zoo tshaj plaws thaum txo cov nqi, feem ntau los ntawm emulsification, foaming / defoaming, dispersion, thiab wetting effects. Lawv siv dav hauv cov qauv tshuaj tua kab tau sau tseg zoo.
Cov tshuaj surfactants txhim kho qhov kev sib zog ntawm cov khoom hauv cov emulsions, tsim kom muaj kev sib npaugm thiab cov kab ke dispersion ruaj khov. Lawv cov qauv amphiphilic—ua ke cov pab pawg hydrophilic thiab lipophilic—ua rau adsorption ntawm cov roj-dej interfaces. Qhov no txo qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm cov interfacial thiab txo qhov zog uas xav tau rau kev tsim emulsion, yog li ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov.
Kev faib cov khoom xyaw nquag ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mus rau hauv dej ua cov khoom me me ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo dua li lwm cov tshuaj. Cov tshuaj emulsifiers cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab emulsions, uas ua rau lawv txiav txim siab lawv qhov ua tau zoo.
Qhov ruaj khov sib txawv nrog qhov loj ntawm cov tee dej:
● Cov khoom me me <0.05 μm: Yaj hauv dej, ruaj khov heev.
● Cov khoom me me 0.05–1 μm: Feem ntau yaj, ruaj khov.
● Cov khoom me me 1–10 μm: Ib feem ntawm cov dej los yog nag los raws sijhawm.
● Cov khoom me me >10 μm: Pom tseeb tias dais, tsis ruaj khov heev.
Raws li cov qauv tshuaj tua kab hloov zuj zus, cov organophosphates muaj tshuaj lom heev raug hloov los ntawm cov kev xaiv uas muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, ua haujlwm tau zoo dua, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom ntau. Cov tshuaj heterocyclic—xws li pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazole, thiazole, thiab triazole derivatives—feem ntau muaj nyob ua cov khoom khov uas tsis yaj tau hauv cov kuab tshuaj ib txwm muaj. Qhov no xav tau cov tshuaj emulsifiers tshiab, ua haujlwm tau zoo, tsis muaj tshuaj lom ntau rau lawv cov qauv.
Tuam Tshoj, uas yog lub teb chaws ua tus thawj coj thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev tsim thiab siv cov tshuaj tua kab, tau tshaj tawm tias muaj 2.083 lab tons ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab uas siv tau zoo hauv xyoo 2018. Kev paub txog ib puag ncig ntau ntxiv tau ua rau muaj kev thov rau cov tshuaj zoo dua. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab uas tsis ua rau ib puag ncig puas tsuaj, ua tau zoo tau txais kev pom zoo. Cov tshuaj surfactants zoo, ua cov khoom tseem ceeb, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis tua kab uas ruaj khov.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-13-2025