1. Cov tshuaj Surfactants rau Kev Rho Tawm Roj Hnyav
Vim yog cov roj hnyav muaj viscosity siab thiab tsis yooj yim ntws, nws txoj kev rho tawm ua rau muaj teeb meem loj heev. Yuav kom rov qab tau cov roj hnyav zoo li no, qee zaum yuav muaj cov tshuaj surfactants hauv dej txhaj rau hauv lub qhov dej kom hloov cov roj crude uas muaj viscosity siab mus ua cov roj hauv dej uas muaj viscosity qis, uas tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem raug thawb mus rau saum npoo av.
Cov surfactants siv rau hauv txoj kev emulsification thiab viscosity reduction no suav nrog sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyamine, thiab sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate.
Cov roj-hauv-dej emulsion uas tau rho tawm yuav tsum tau sib cais dej, uas cov surfactants kev lag luam kuj siv ua demulsifiers. Cov demulsifiers no yog cov dej-hauv-roj emulsifiers. Cov uas siv feem ntau suav nrog cationic surfactants lossis naphthenic acids, asphaltic acids, thiab lawv cov ntsev hlau polyvalent.
Rau cov roj av uas nplaum heev uas tsis tuaj yeem rho tawm los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem twj tso kua mis ib txwm muaj, yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov pa kom rov qab tau los ntawm cua sov. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev rov qab tau los ntawm cua sov, yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj surfactants. Ib txoj hauv kev uas siv ntau yog txhaj cov ua npuas ncauj rau hauv qhov dej txhaj tshuaj - tshwj xeeb, cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj uas tiv taus kub siab nrog rau cov pa roj uas tsis tuaj yeem ua kom sib xyaw.
Cov tshuaj ua npuas ncauj uas siv ntau suav nrog alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, thiab sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers. Vim lawv muaj zog ua haujlwm ntau thiab tiv taus cov kua qaub, cov hauv paus, oxygen, cua sov, thiab roj, cov tshuaj fluorinated surfactants yog cov tshuaj ua npuas ncauj zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov kub siab.
Yuav kom yooj yim rau kev hla cov roj uas tawg mus rau hauv cov qauv ntawm lub qhov hws lossis ua kom cov roj ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom yooj yim dua rau kev tshem tawm, cov surfactants hu ua cov neeg sawv cev kis cov zaj duab xis nyias raug siv. Ib qho piv txwv feem ntau yog oxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.
2. Cov tshuaj Surfactants rau Waxy Crude Oil Extraction
Kev rho cov roj av uas zoo li quav ciab yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv thiab tshem tawm cov quav ciab tsis tu ncua. Cov tshuaj surfactants ua haujlwm ua ob qho tib si ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv quav ciab thiab cov tshuaj paraffin dispersants.
Rau kev tiv thaiv cov quav ciab, muaj cov surfactants uas yaj tau roj (uas hloov cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov siv lead ua los ntawm quav ciab) thiab cov surfactants uas yaj tau dej (uas hloov cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nplaim uas tso quav ciab xws li cov raj, cov pas nrig sucker, thiab cov khoom siv). Cov surfactants uas yaj tau roj feem ntau suav nrog petroleum sulfonates thiab amine-type surfactants. Cov kev xaiv uas yaj tau dej suav nrog sodium alkyl sulfonate, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic polyoxyethylene ethers, thiab lawv cov sodium sulfonate derivatives.
Rau kev tshem tawm paraffin, surfactants kuj raug faib ua roj-soluble (siv rau hauv cov roj-based paraffin removers) thiab dej-soluble (xws li sulfonate-hom, quaternary ammonium-hom, polyether-hom, Tween-hom, OP-hom surfactants, thiab sulfate/sulfonated PEG-hom lossis OP-hom surfactants).
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov kev coj ua hauv tebchaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb tau koom ua ke kev tiv thaiv thiab tshem tawm cov quav ciab, ua ke cov roj thiab cov dej tshem tawm ua ke rau hauv cov tshuaj paraffin dispersants. Cov no siv cov aromatic hydrocarbons ua cov roj thiab cov emulsifiers nrog cov khoom paraffin-dissolving ua cov dej. Thaum lub emulsifier muaj qhov chaw huab cua tsim nyog (qhov kub uas nws ua huab cua), nws demulsifies hauv qab thaj chaw tso quav ciab, tso ob qho khoom ua haujlwm tib lub sijhawm.
3. Cov tshuaj ntxuav rau cov roj Crude Dehydration
Hauv kev rov qab tau roj thawj zaug thiab thib ob, cov roj hauv dej demulsifiers feem ntau yog siv. Peb tiam neeg ntawm cov khoom tau tsim tawm:
1. Thawj tiam neeg: Carboxylates, sulfates, thiab sulfonates.
2. Tiam thib ob: Cov tshuaj surfactants uas tsis muaj molecular hnyav (piv txwv li, OP, PEG, thiab roj castor sulfonated).
3. Tiam neeg thib peb: Cov tshuaj surfactants uas muaj cov molecular hnyav thiab tsis muaj zog.
Thaum kawg ntawm theem ob thiab theem peb, cov roj nyoos feem ntau muaj nyob ua cov dej-hauv-roj emulsions. Cov demulsifiers poob rau hauv plaub pawg:
Cov ntsev ammonium Quaternary (piv txwv li, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov anionic emulsifiers los hloov lawv cov HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) lossis nqus rau ntawm cov av nplaum uas ntub dej, hloov pauv qhov ntub dej.
· Anionic surfactants (ua haujlwm ua cov roj-hauv-dej emulsifiers) thiab cov roj-soluble nonionic surfactants, kuj zoo rau kev rhuav tshem cov dej-hauv-roj emulsions.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Cuaj hlis-17-2025