Thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom lag luam, ntau hom kev ua qias tuaj, xws li coking, cov roj seem, nplai, cov av noo, thiab cov khib nyiab corrosive, sib sau ua ke hauv cov khoom siv thiab cov kav dej ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Cov khib nyiab no feem ntau ua rau cov khoom siv thiab cov kav dej tsis ua haujlwm, txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dua, thiab hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, txawm tias muaj xwm txheej kev nyab xeeb.
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov lag luam tsim tshiab, cov khoom siv tshiab hauv kev lag luam tau tshwm sim tas li, thiab nws cov qauv molecular tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem sib txuas thiab cov qauv ntawm kev ua qias tuaj ntawm kev lag luam thiab cov hom phiaj ntxuav sib txawv feem ntau nyob ntawm hom kev ua qias tuaj nrog rau cov qauv tsim thiab cov khoom siv physicochemical ntawm cov khoom uas raug ntxuav. Vim yog cov kev cai tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, muaj kev thov ntau ntxiv rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv biodegradable thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, uas ua rau muaj kev cov nyom tshiab rau cov thev naus laus zis ntxuav tshuaj.
Kev ntxuav tshuaj yog ib txoj kev siv tshuab uas muaj ntau yam kev kawm txog kev ua qias tuaj thiab cov khoom, kev xaiv thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj ntxuav thiab cov khoom ntxiv, kev xaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xeb, cov txheej txheem ntxuav, kev tsim kho thiab kev siv cov khoom siv ntxuav, kev saib xyuas cov thev naus laus zis thaum ntxuav, thiab kev kho dej khib nyiab, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm cov no, kev xaiv cov tshuaj ntxuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab qhov ua tiav ntawm kev ntxuav, vim nws cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm ntxuav, qhov nrawm ntawm kev tshem tawm cov av, qhov nrawm ntawm kev xeb, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv.
Cov tshuaj ntxuav feem ntau muaj peb yam khoom tseem ceeb: cov tshuaj ntxuav thawj zaug, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xeb, thiab cov tshuaj surfactants. Vim lawv cov qauv molecular, uas muaj ob qho tib si hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic pawg, surfactants ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev nqus, nkag mus, emulsification, yaj, thiab ntxuav thaum lub sijhawm ntxuav tshuaj. Lawv tsis yog tsuas yog siv ua cov neeg sawv cev pabcuam xwb tab sis kuj suav tias yog cov khoom tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov txheej txheem xws li kev ntxuav kua qaub, kev ntxuav alkaline, kev tiv thaiv xeb, degreasing, thiab sterilization, qhov twg lawv tau ua pov thawj ntau ntxiv lawv cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb.
Cov tshuaj ntxuav tseem ceeb, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xeb, thiab cov surfactants yog peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tshuaj. Cov qauv tshuaj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov surfactants ua kom ntseeg tau tias, thaum yaj rau hauv cov kua, lawv txo qhov nro ntawm cov tshuaj, yog li ua kom nws muaj peev xwm ntub dej. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum qhov concentration ntawm surfactants hauv cov tshuaj ncav cuag qhov concentration micelle tseem ceeb (CMC), kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tshwm sim hauv qhov nro ntawm cov tshuaj, osmotic pressure, viscosity, thiab optical properties.
Cov surfactants uas ntub dej, nkag mus, tawg, emulsifying, thiab yaj cov teebmeem hauv cov txheej txheem ntxuav tshuaj ua tiav ob npaug ntawm qhov tshwm sim nrog ib nrab ntawm kev siv zog. Hauv kev xaus, surfactants hauv kev ntxuav tshuaj feem ntau ua haujlwm ob qho haujlwm: thawj zaug, lawv txhim kho qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov pa phem organic uas yaj tsis tau zoo los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm micelles, hu ua solubilization effect; qhov thib ob, vim lawv cov pab pawg amphiphilic, surfactants adsorb lossis sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov sib tshuam ntawm cov roj thiab dej theem, txo qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm interfacial.
Thaum xaiv cov surfactants, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom ntawm cov neeg ntxuav, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab surfactants, nrog rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv cov kev sib cuam tshuam.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-28-2025