Cov roj amines yog hais txog ntau hom organic amine compounds uas muaj cov saw hlau carbon ntev txij li C8 txog C22. Ib yam li cov amines dav dav, lawv raug faib ua plaub hom loj: cov amines thawj zaug, cov amines theem ob, cov amines theem peb, thiab cov polyamines. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov amines theem ib, theem ob, thiab theem peb nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg cov hydrogen atoms hauv ammonia uas tau hloov los ntawm cov pab pawg alkyl.
Cov roj amines yog cov organic derivatives ntawm ammonia. Cov roj amines luv-saw (C8-10) qhia txog qee qhov solubility hauv dej, thaum cov roj amines ntev-saw feem ntau tsis yaj hauv dej thiab muaj nyob ua kua lossis khoom khov ntawm chav tsev kub. Lawv muaj cov khoom yooj yim thiab, ua cov organic bases, tuaj yeem ua rau khaus thiab xeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov ntaub so ntswg.
Feem ntau tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov cawv rog nrog dimethylamine kom tau cov monoalkyldimethyl tertiary amines, kev sib xyaw ntawm cov cawv rog nrog monomethylamine los tsim dialkylmethyl tertiary amines, thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm cov cawv rog nrog ammonia los tsim cov trialkyl tertiary amines.
Cov txheej txheem pib nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov roj fatty acids thiab ammonia los tsim cov roj nitriles, uas tom qab ntawd hydrogenated los tsim cov roj amines thawj zaug lossis theem ob. Cov amines thawj zaug lossis theem ob no dhau los ntawm hydrogendimethylation los tsim cov amines thib peb. Cov amines thawj zaug, tom qab cyanoethylation thiab hydrogenation, tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau hauv diamines. Diamines ntxiv dhau los ntawm cyanoethylation thiab hydrogenation los tsim cov triamines, uas tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau hauv tetramines los ntawm kev ntxiv cyanoethylation thiab hydrogenation.
Cov kev siv ntawm cov roj amines
Cov amines tseem ceeb yog siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xeb, cov roj nplua nyeem, cov neeg sawv cev tso pwm, cov roj ntxiv, cov tshuaj ua xim, cov khoom ua kom tuab, cov neeg sawv cev ntub dej, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv plua plav chiv, cov roj ntxiv cav, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov chiv, cov neeg sawv cev molding, cov neeg sawv cev flotation, cov roj nplua nyeem iav, cov neeg sawv cev hydrophobic, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej, cov roj emulsions, thiab ntau ntxiv.
Cov amines uas muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau, xws li octadecylamine, ua haujlwm ua cov neeg sawv cev rau cov roj hmab tawv thiab cov ua npuas polyurethane. Dodecylamine siv rau hauv kev tsim cov roj hmab ntuj thiab cov roj hmab tsim, ua ib qho surfactant hauv cov tshuaj tin-plating, thiab hauv kev txo qis amination ntawm isomaltose los tsim cov malt derivatives. Oleylamine siv ua cov roj diesel additive.
Kev tsim cov Cationic Surfactants
Cov amines thawj zaug thiab lawv cov ntsev ua haujlwm ua cov neeg sawv cev zoo rau cov hlau nplaum, cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kev sib sau ua ke rau cov chiv lossis cov khoom tawg, cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv dej ntawv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xeb, cov tshuaj ntxiv roj nplua nyeem, cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv kev lag luam roj av, cov tshuaj ntxiv rau roj thiab roj av, cov neeg sawv cev ntxuav hluav taws xob, cov tshuaj emulsifiers, thiab hauv kev tsim cov av nplaum organometallic thiab cov tshuaj ntxiv rau cov xim. Lawv kuj siv rau hauv kev kho dej thiab ua cov neeg sawv cev molding. Cov amines thawj zaug tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov ntsev quaternary ammonium ntsev-hom asphalt emulsifiers, uas siv dav hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev saib xyuas cov kev tsheb zoo, txo kev siv zog ua haujlwm thiab ntev lub neej ntawm txoj kev.
Kev tsim cov Nonionic Surfactants
Cov khoom siv ntawm cov roj amines nrog ethylene oxide feem ntau yog siv ua cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hauv kev lag luam yas. Cov amines Ethoxylated, tsis yaj hauv cov yas, txav mus rau saum npoo, qhov chaw uas lawv nqus cov dej noo hauv huab cua, ua rau cov yas saum npoo tiv thaiv hluav taws xob.
Kev Tsim Cov Amphoteric Surfactants
Dodecylamine ua rau cov tshuaj methyl acrylate thiab ua rau saponification thiab neutralization kom tau N-dodecyl-β-alanine. Cov surfactants no yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm lawv cov xim dawb lossis tsis muaj xim pob tshab, solubility siab hauv dej lossis ethanol, biodegradability, dej tawv, tsis khaus tawv nqaij, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Cov ntawv thov suav nrog cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj, emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, kua ntxuav, tshuaj zawv plaub hau, tshuaj pleev plaub hau, softeners, thiab antistatic agents.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-20-2025