Cov thev naus laus zis thiab cov khoom siv surfactant ntsuab tau nce qib sai, nrog rau qee qhov ua tiav cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb. Kev tsim cov surfactants ntsuab tshiab siv cov peev txheej rov ua dua tshiab xws li roj thiab hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb, kev txhim kho, thiab kev lag luam tsis ntev los no. Kev sib txawv ntawm ntau yam surfactant thiab derivatives ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ntau yam lag luam.
Txawm hais tias kev tsim cov tshuaj surfactant me me uas ua haujlwm tau zoo tau nce qib sai sai, tseem muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam thiab ntau npaum li cas piv rau cov tebchaws tsim kho. Kev ua haujlwm yog lwm qhov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov tshuaj surfactant, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm txoj cai hauv tebchaws thiab lees paub dav los ntawm kev lag luam. Cov tsev kawm ntawv tshawb fawb hauv tebchaws, cov tsev kawm qib siab, thiab cov tuam txhab tau ua ntau yam kev rau siab hauv daim teb no, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Hauv cov kua dej, cov surfactants tsis yog tsuas yog hloov cov dej num ntawm cov kua (piv txwv li, txo qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw) tab sis kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv ntxuav xws li kev nkag mus, kev nqus, kev ntub, kev tawg, kev sib xyaw, kev yaj, kev yaj, thiab kev ua npuas dej - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ze rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm micelle concentration (CMC).
Cov surfactants siv rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes tsis yog cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke tab sis feem ntau muaj cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke sib txawv. Ntxiv mus, cov surfactants feem ntau suav nrog tsawg dua ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, nrog rau cov seem muaj ntau yam khoom ntxiv thiab cov neeg sawv cev pabcuam uas ua haujlwm sib txawv. Yog li, cov txheej txheem ntxuav ntawm ntau yam tshuaj ntxuav tes muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem nyuaj, sib koom ua ke.
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes yog cov amphiphilic molecules, uas muaj ob qho tib si hydrophobic (roj-nyiam) thiab hydrophilic (dej-nyiam). Cov molecules no nqus tau ntawm qhov sib tshuam, tsim cov monolayers uas txo qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw - ib yam khoom hu ua surface (lossis interfacial) activity. Cov tshuaj uas qhia txog cov khoom no hu ua surface-active agents (surfactants).
Thaum ntxuav cov ntaub uas muaj roj tsuas yog siv dej xwb, qhov tsis sib xyaw ntawm roj thiab dej ua rau kev tshem tawm cov xim av nyuaj. Kev ntxiv xab npum lossis cov tshuaj ntxuav hluavtaws hloov pauv qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm cov roj, dej, ntaub, thiab huab cua, ua rau muaj cov txheej txheem xws li nkag mus, nqus, ntub, tawg, emulsification, yaj, thiab ua npuas dej. Ua ke nrog kev ua haujlwm mechanical (txhuam lossis tshuab txhib), qhov no ua rau kev tshem tawm cov xim av roj tau zoo.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-24-2025