01 Lub Tswv Yim ntawmKev ntab dej
Kev ua kom dej ntws, tseem hu ua kev ua cov khoom siv ua kom dej ntws, yog ib txoj kev siv tshuab sib cais cov khoom siv uas cais cov khoom muaj nqis los ntawm cov khoom siv gangue ntawm cov roj-kua-khoom sib txuas los ntawm kev siv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm ntau yam khoom siv uas muaj nyob hauv cov pob zeb, thiab nws kuj tseem hu ua "kev sib cais ntawm qhov chaw". Txhua txoj kev siv tshuab uas cais cov khoom siv hauv av ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov kev sib txuas theem raws li cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv av sib txawv poob rau hauv kev txhais ntawm kev ua kom dej ntws.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av yog hais txog lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg thiab lwm yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av, xws li qhov ntub dej ntawm qhov chaw, cov yam ntxwv hluav taws xob ntawm qhov chaw, nrog rau hom, kev sib xyaw thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas ntawm cov atoms ntawm qhov chaw. Muaj qhov sib txawv hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av sib txawv. Cov yam ntxwv sib txawv no ua rau muaj kev sib cais thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm cov pob zeb nrog kev pab los ntawm cov theem sib txuas, uas yog vim li cas cov txheej txheem flotation suav nrog cov roj, kua thiab khoom peb-theem sib txuas.
Kev hloov kho dag tuaj yeem hloov cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av kom nthuav qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis thiab cov khoom siv pob zeb hauv av kom yooj yim sib cais. Hauv kev ua haujlwm flotation,cov tshuaj reagents flotationfeem ntau yog siv los hloov kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av, nthuav dav qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov pob zeb sib txawv, nce lossis txo qhov hydrophobicity ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av, tswj thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av, thiab thaum kawg ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig sib cais zoo dua. Yog li ntawd, kev siv thiab kev nce qib ntawm cov thev naus laus zis flotation muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj reagents flotation.
Tsis zoo li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv xws li qhov ceev thiab qhov sib nqus uas nyuaj rau kho, yuav luag txhua yam khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hauv av tuaj yeem hloov kho kom tsim tau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv av rau kev sib cais. Vim li no, kev siv dej ntws tau siv dav hauv kev ua kom cov khoom siv hauv av zoo dua thiab hu ua txoj kev ua cov khoom siv hauv ntiaj teb; nws sawv tawm ua cov txheej txheem sib cais siv dav tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom siv zoo thiab cov khoom siv zoo heev.
02 Daim Ntawv Thov ntawm Flotation
Kev ua cov khoom siv hauv av yog ib txoj haujlwm tsim khoom los npaj cov khoom siv raw rau kev smelting hlau thiab kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg, thiab kev ua npuas dej tau hloov zuj zus mus ua ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem ua cov khoom siv hauv av tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Yuav luag txhua hom khoom siv hauv av tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm kev ua npuas dej.
Tam sim no, kev siv flotation tau dav siv rau kev siv cov hlau ores uas muaj hlau thiab manganese xws li hematite, siderite thiab ilmenite; cov hlau muaj nqis feem ntau muaj kub thiab nyiaj; cov hlau tsis muaj hlau xws li tooj liab, txhuas, zinc, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum thiab antimony, suav nrog cov zaub mov sulfide xws li galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite thiab molybdenite, pentlandite, nrog rau cov zaub mov oxide xws li malachite, cerussite, hemimorphite, cassiterite thiab wolframite. Nws kuj tseem siv rau kev sib cais cov ntsev tsis yog hlau xws li fluorite, apatite thiab barite, cov ntsev soluble xws li sylvite thiab ntsev pob zeb, nrog rau cov zaub mov tsis yog hlau thiab silicate xws li thee, graphite, sulfur, pob zeb diamond, quartz, mica, feldspar thiab beryl, spodumene.
Muaj ntau yam kev paub dhau los thiab cov thev naus laus zis cuam tshuam tau txuas ntxiv mus rau kev lag luam ua cov khoom siv los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv flotation. Cov khoom siv qis thiab cov khoom siv nyuaj uas ib zaug suav tias tsis muaj nqis rau kev lag luam tam sim no tuaj yeem rov qab tau thiab siv dua ua cov khoom siv thib ob los ntawm kev siv flotation.
Thaum cov khoom siv hauv av maj mam zuj zus, cov khoom muaj nqis tau muab faib ua cov ntaub ntawv zoo thiab nyuaj dua hauv cov hlau, ua rau muaj teeb meem sib cais. Lub caij no, txhawm rau txo cov nqi tsim khoom, cov lag luam suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hlau thiab kev tsim kho tshuaj lom neeg tsim cov kev cai nruj dua rau qhov zoo thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv sib cais uas siv ua cov khoom noj khoom haus.
Vim muaj ob qho kev xav tau ntawm kev txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab daws qhov teeb meem hauv kev sib cais cov zaub mov me me, kev siv flotation sawv tawm nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua li lwm cov thev naus laus zis sib cais thiab tau dhau los ua txoj hauv kev ua cov zaub mov uas siv tau dav tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev cia siab tshaj plaws. Chiv thawj tsuas yog siv rau kev sib cais cov zaub mov sulfide xwb, kev siv flotation tau nthuav dav mus rau cov zaub mov oxide thiab cov zaub mov tsis yog hlau, nrog rau ntau txhiab tons ntawm cov zaub mov ua tiav thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm kev siv flotation txhua xyoo niaj hnub no.
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev siv tshuab flotation tau tawg ciam teb ntawm kev ua cov khoom siv hauv cov pob zeb thiab pom cov ntawv thov nthuav dav thoob plaws kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, metallurgy, papermaking, kev ua liaj ua teb, chemical engineering, kev tsim khoom noj, kev tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv, tshuaj thiab biotechnology.
Cov ntawv thov kev lag luam ib txwm muaj xws li kev rov qab tau cov khoom muaj nqis los ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab, cov khoom tsis ruaj khov thiab cov slags hauv pyrometallurgy ntawm kev flotation; rho tawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm leaching residues thiab cementation precipitates ntawm hydrometallurgy; deinking ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg thiab fiber rov qab los ntawm pulping pov tseg cawv hauv kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg; nrog rau kev coj ua engineering ib puag ncig xws li kev rho tawm cov khoom siv hnyav los ntawm cov xuab zeb hauv dej, tshem tawm cov khoom me me, colloids, cov kab mob thiab cov hlau tsis huv los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab.
Nrog kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm cov txheej txheem flotation thiab kev tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj reagents thiab cov khoom siv flotation ua haujlwm tau zoo, flotation yuav tau txais kev siv dav dua thoob plaws ntau qhov kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov tsis zoo rau kev siv flotation: piv nrog kev sib cais sib nqus thiab kev sib cais lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, flotation siv ntau cov tshuaj reagents thiab coj cov nqi tsim khoom siab dua; nws tsim cov kev txwv nruj rau qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom noj pub; ntau yam hloov pauv cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm flotation thiab tsa cov txheej txheem tswj cov txheej txheem; cov dej khib nyiab nqa cov tshuaj reagents flotation seem kuj ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig.
03 Cov Ntsiab Lus Tshawb Fawb ntawm Flotation
Cov txheej txheem flotation muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv khov kho thiab cov khoom sib cais (dej thiab roj). Cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb tseem ceeb npog cov ntsiab cai flotation, cov tshuaj reagents flotation, cov tshuab flotation thiab cov txheej txheem flotation.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb txog kev ntab dej yog tsom mus rau kev ntab dej thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib tshuam thaum lub sijhawm sib cais, suav nrog kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom sib tshuam, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm interphase thiab cov txheej txheem ua kom cov pa npuas. Kev tshawb fawb txog cov tshuaj reagents ntab yog tsom mus rau kev faib cov tshuaj reagent, cov qauv molecular, cov khoom siv physicochemical, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, cov txheej txheem npaj thiab cov txheej txheem siv hauv thaj chaw. Kev tshawb fawb txog cov tshuab ntab dej suav nrog kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv, cov ntsiab cai ua haujlwm thiab cov xwm txheej siv tau. Kev tshawb fawb txog cov txheej txheem ntab dej npog cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa, kev cuam tshuam thiab kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntxiv reagent, ntxiv los ntawm kev tshawb fawb siv rau ntau hom ore.
Lub moj khaum kev tshawb fawb txog kev ntab dej suav nrog ntau yam kev kawm xws li cov txheej txheem mineralogy, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry (interfacial chemistry thiab colloid chemistry), fluid mechanics, mechanical engineering, automatic detection technology thiab techno-economic analysis.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Rau Hli-04-2026