Lub mechanism ntawm kev ua ntawm cov khoom tsis zoocov roj demulsifiersyog raws li kev xav ntawm theem inversion-reverse deformation. Tom qab ntxiv cov demulsifier, theem inversion tshwm sim, tsim cov surfactants uas tsim cov emulsion hom sib txawv rau qhov uas tsim los ntawm emulsifier (reverse demulsifier). Cov demulsifiers no cuam tshuam nrog hydrophobic emulsifiers los tsim cov complexes, yog li ua rau cov khoom emulsifying tsis zoo. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog interfacial zaj duab xis tawg los ntawm kev sib tsoo. Thaum muaj cua sov lossis kev ntxhov siab, demulsifiers feem ntau sib tsoo nrog zaj duab xis interfacial ntawm emulsion - txawm tias adsorbing rau ntawm nws lossis displacement qee cov surfactant molecules - uas ua rau zaj duab xis tsis ruaj khov, ua rau flocculation, coalescence, thiab thaum kawg demulsification.
Cov roj av emulsions feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tsim roj thiab kev ua kom huv. Feem ntau ntawm cov roj av hauv ntiaj teb yog tsim tawm hauv daim ntawv emulsified. Ib qho emulsion muaj tsawg kawg yog ob lub kua uas tsis sib xyaw, qhov twg ib qho raug faib ua cov tee dej me me heev (kwv yees li 1 hli hauv txoj kab uas hla) dai rau hauv lwm qhov.
Feem ntau, ib qho ntawm cov kua no yog dej, thiab lwm qhov yog roj. Cov roj tuaj yeem tawg me me hauv dej, tsim cov roj-hauv-dej (O/W) emulsion, qhov twg dej yog theem txuas ntxiv thiab roj yog theem tawg. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias roj yog theem txuas ntxiv thiab dej tawg, nws tsim cov dej-hauv-roj (W/O) emulsion. Feem ntau cov roj nyoos emulsions yog hom tom kawg.
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev tshawb fawb txog cov txheej txheem demulsification roj nyoos tau tsom mus rau kev soj ntsuam ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov dej ntws sib xyaw thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm demulsifiers rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm interfacial rheology. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam demulsifier-emulsion, txawm tias muaj kev tshawb fawb ntau, tseem tsis muaj kev xav sib koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem demulsification.
Muaj ntau txoj kev uas tau txais kev pom zoo dav dav xws li:
1. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj molecule: Cov tshuaj demulsifier hloov cov emulsifiers ntawm qhov interface, ua rau cov emulsion tsis ruaj khov.
2. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov wrinkle: Kev tshawb fawb microscopic qhia tau tias W/O emulsions muaj ob lossis ntau txheej dej sib cais los ntawm cov roj rings. Thaum muaj cua sov, kev sib xyaw, thiab kev ua demulsifier, cov txheej no sib txuas, ua rau cov dej poob sib sau ua ke.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev txog O/W emulsion systems qhia tias tus demulsifier zoo tagnrho yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv hauv qab no: kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw muaj zog, kev ntub dej zoo, muaj peev xwm flocculation txaus, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Cov demulsifiers tuaj yeem faib ua pawg raws li hom surfactant:
•Cov tshuaj Anionic demulsifiers: Muaj xws li carboxylates, sulfonates, thiab polyoxyethylene fatty sulfates. Lawv tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig, xav tau ntau koob tshuaj, thiab rhiab rau electrolytes.
•Cov tshuaj cationic demulsifiers: Feem ntau yog cov ntsev quaternary ammonium, zoo rau cov roj sib dua tab sis tsis haum rau cov roj hnyav lossis roj laus.
•Cov tshuaj demulsifiers uas tsis yog ionic: Xws li cov polyethers thaiv uas pib los ntawm amines lossis alcohols, alkylphenol resin block polyethers, phenol-amine resin block polyethers, silicone-based demulsifiers, ultra-high molecular weight demulsifiers, polyphosphates, modified block polyethers, thiab zwitterionic demulsifiers (piv txwv li, imidazoline-based crude oil demulsifiers).
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-22-2025