Daim ntawv thov ntawm surfactants hauv kev tsim cov roj av

Daim ntawv thov ntawmcov tshuaj surfactantshauv kev tsim cov roj av

1. Cov tshuaj Surfactants siv rau kev khawb roj hnyav

Vim tias cov roj hnyav muaj viscosity siab thiab tsis zoo fluidity, nws coj ntau yam teeb meem rau kev khawb av. Yuav kom rho tawm cov roj hnyav no, qee zaum nws yuav tsum tau txhaj cov kua dej ntawm surfactant downhole kom hloov cov roj hnyav uas muaj viscosity siab mus rau hauv cov roj emulsion uas muaj viscosity qis thiab rho tawm mus rau saum npoo. Cov surfactants siv rau hauv cov roj hnyav emulsification thiab viscosity txo txoj kev no suav nrog sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Vinyl alkyl alcohol ether sulfate sodium ntsev, thiab lwm yam. Cov roj-hauv-dej emulsion tsim tawm yuav tsum cais cov dej thiab siv qee cov surfactants kev lag luam ua demulsifiers rau dehydration. Cov demulsifiers no yog dej-hauv-roj emulsifiers. Feem ntau siv yog cationic surfactants lossis naphthenic acids, asphaltonic acids thiab lawv cov ntsev hlau ntau yam.

Cov roj hnyav tshwj xeeb tsis tuaj yeem raug khawb los ntawm cov twj tso kua mis ib txwm muaj thiab yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov pa kom rov qab tau thermal. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov thermal rov qab tau, yuav tsum tau siv cov surfactants. Kev txhaj tshuaj ua npuas ncauj rau hauv qhov dej txhaj tshuaj, uas yog, txhaj cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj uas tiv taus kub siab thiab cov roj uas tsis sib xyaw, yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem modulation uas siv ntau.

Cov neeg ua npuas dej feem ntau siv yog alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers thiab sulfohydrocarbylated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, thiab lwm yam. Vim tias cov surfactants fluorinated muaj kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm qhov chaw thiab ruaj khov rau cov kua qaub, alkalis, oxygen, cua sov thiab roj, lawv yog cov neeg ua npuas dej kub zoo tagnrho. Yuav kom ua rau cov roj tawg yooj yim hla dhau qhov pore caj pas ntawm qhov kev tsim, lossis ua kom cov roj ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev tsim yooj yim raug tsav tawm, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los siv cov surfactant hu ua tus neeg sawv cev diffusing zaj duab xis. Tus neeg sawv cev feem ntau siv yog oxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surface activity. tus neeg sawv cev.

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1. Cov tshuaj surfactants rau kev khawb cov roj av waxy

Kev siv cov roj av uas muaj roj nplaum yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv cov roj nplaum thiab tshem tawm cov roj nplaum ntau zaus. Cov tshuaj surfactants ua haujlwm ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov roj nplaum thiab cov tshuaj tshem tawm cov roj nplaum. Muaj cov tshuaj surfactants uas yaj tau hauv roj thiab cov tshuaj surfactants uas yaj tau hauv dej siv rau kev tiv thaiv cov roj nplaum. Cov tshuaj surfactants uas yaj tau hauv roj feem ntau yog cov roj av sulfonates thiab amine surfactants. Cov tshuaj surfactants uas yaj tau hauv dej ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv cov roj nplaum los ntawm kev hloov cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nplaim uas tsim los ntawm cov roj nplaum (xws li cov kav roj, cov pas nrig nqus thiab cov nplaim ntawm cov khoom siv). Cov tshuaj surfactants uas muaj suav nrog sodium alkyl sulfonates, quaternary ammonium ntsev, alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers thiab lawv cov ntsev sulfonate sodium, thiab lwm yam. Cov tshuaj surfactants siv rau kev tshem tawm cov roj nplaum kuj muab faib ua ob yam. Cov surfactants uas yaj tau hauv roj yog siv rau cov roj-raws li cov tshuaj tshem tawm cov quav ciab, thiab cov dej-soluble sulfonate hom, quaternary ammonium ntsev hom, polyether hom, Tween hom, OP hom surfactants, Sulfate-based lossis sulfo-alkylated flat-type thiab OP-type.tshuaj surfactantCov tshuaj no siv rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav roj uas muaj cov roj av. Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov tshuaj ntxuav roj hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau sib xyaw ua ke, thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav roj thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav roj uas muaj cov roj av tau sib xyaw ua ke los tsim cov tshuaj ntxuav roj sib xyaw. Cov tshuaj ntxuav roj no siv cov roj av uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab thiab cov roj av uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab sib xyaw ua cov roj theem, thiab siv cov tshuaj emulsifier nrog cov nyhuv ntxuav roj ua cov dej theem. Thaum cov tshuaj emulsifier xaiv yog cov tshuaj surfactant uas tsis yog ionic nrog cov huab cua tsim nyog, qhov kub hauv qab ntu ntxuav roj ntawm qhov dej tuaj yeem ncav cuag lossis tshaj nws cov huab cua, yog li cov tshuaj ntxuav roj sib xyaw tuaj yeem tawg ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv ntu tsim cov roj av, thiab ob tus neeg sawv cev ntxuav roj av tau sib cais, uas ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ntxuav roj av.

3. Cov tshuaj surfactantssiv los tswj cov av nplaum

Kev ua kom cov av nplaum ruaj khov muaj ob yam: tiv thaiv kom cov av nplaum nthuav dav thiab tiv thaiv kom cov av nplaum tsis txhob txav mus los. Cov tshuaj cationic surfactants xws li amine ntsev hom, quaternary ammonium ntsev hom, pyridinium ntsev hom, thiab imidazoline ntsev siv tau los tiv thaiv kom cov av nplaum o. Cov tshuaj fluorine uas muaj nonionic-cationic surfactants muaj los tiv thaiv kom cov av nplaum tsis txhob txav mus los.

4. Cov tshuaj surfactantssiv rau hauv kev ntsuas acidification

Yuav kom txhim kho cov nyhuv acidification, ntau yam additives feem ntau ntxiv rau hauv cov kua qaub. Txhua yam surfactant uas sib xws nrog cov kua qaub thiab yooj yim adsorbed los ntawm kev tsim tuaj yeem siv ua acidification retardant. Xws li fatty amine hydrochloride, quaternary ammonium ntsev, pyridine ntsev hauv cationic surfactants thiab sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate ester salted lossis sulfate ester salted polyoxyethylene alkanes hauv amphoteric surfactants base phenol ether, thiab lwm yam. Qee cov surfactants, xws li dodecyl sulfonic acid thiab nws cov alkylamine ntsev, tuaj yeem emulsify acid kua hauv roj los tsim cov kua qaub-hauv-roj emulsion. Cov emulsion no tuaj yeem siv ua kua acidified industrial thiab kuj ua lub luag haujlwm retarding.

Qee cov surfactants siv tau ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv emulsifiers rau cov kua qaub. Cov surfactants nrog cov qauv branched xws li polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether thiab polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine siv tau ua acidifying anti-emulsifiers.

Qee cov surfactants siv tau ua cov khoom pab ntws dej uas tsis muaj kua qaub. Cov surfactants uas siv tau ua cov khoom pab ntws dej suav nrog cov ntsev amine, ntsev quaternary ammonium, ntsev pyridinium, cov surfactants nonionic, amphoteric thiab fluorine-containing surfactants.

Qee cov surfactants siv tau ua cov tshuaj acidifying anti-sludge, xws li cov roj-soluble surfactants, xws li alkylphenols, fatty acids, alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, quaternary ammonium ntsev, thiab lwm yam. Vim tias lawv muaj cov kua qaub tsis zoo, cov surfactants nonionic siv tau los disperse lawv hauv cov kua qaub.

Yuav kom txhim kho qhov acidification effect, tus neeg sawv cev rov qab ntub yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv cov kua qaub kom rov qab ntub ntawm thaj chaw ze-wellbore los ntawm lipophilic mus rau hydrophilic. Cov sib xyaw ntawm polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers thiab phosphate-salted polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ethers raug adsorbed los ntawm kev tsim los tsim cov txheej adsorption thib peb, uas ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev ntub thiab rov qab.

Ntxiv rau, muaj qee cov surfactants, xws li fatty amine hydrochloride, quaternary ammonium ntsev lossis nonionic-anionic surfactant, uas yog siv los ua cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas dej los ua cov kua qaub ua haujlwm kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev qeeb qeeb corrosion thiab acidification tob, lossis Foams yog ua los ntawm qhov no thiab siv ua pre-fluid rau acidification. Tom qab lawv raug txhaj rau hauv qhov tsim, cov kua qaub raug txhaj. Jamin effect tsim los ntawm cov npuas hauv cov npuas tuaj yeem hloov cov kua qaub, yuam cov kua qaub kom yaj cov txheej permeability qis, yog li txhim kho cov nyhuv acidification.

5. Cov tshuaj surfactants siv rau hauv kev ntsuas tawg

Cov kev ntsuas tawg feem ntau siv rau hauv cov chaw roj uas tsis muaj permeability. Lawv siv lub siab los qhib qhov tsim los tsim cov pob tawg, thiab siv proppant los txhawb cov pob tawg kom txo cov kua dej tsis kam thiab ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nce kev tsim khoom thiab kev saib xyuas. Qee cov kua tawg yog tsim nrog surfactants ua ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw.

Cov kua roj hauv dej tawg yog tsim los ntawm dej, roj thiab cov emulsifiers. Cov emulsifiers siv yog ionic, nonionic thiab amphoteric surfactants. Yog tias cov dej tuab siv ua theem sab nraud thiab cov roj siv ua theem sab hauv, cov kua roj hauv dej tawg (polymer emulsion) tuaj yeem npaj tau. Cov kua tawg no tuaj yeem siv rau qhov kub qis dua 160 ° C thiab tuaj yeem rhuav cov emulsions thiab ntws cov kua dej.

Cov kua ua npuas ncauj tawg yog cov kua tawg uas siv dej ua cov khoom sib kis thiab roj ua cov theem sib kis. Nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog dej, roj thiab tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj. Alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfate ester ntsev, quaternary ammonium ntsev thiab OP surfactants tuaj yeem siv ua cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj. Qhov concentration ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj hauv dej feem ntau yog 0.5-2%, thiab qhov piv ntawm cov roj theem ntim rau cov npuas ncauj ntim yog nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 0.5-0.9.

Cov kua roj uas tawg ua los ntawm roj yog cov kua tawg uas muaj roj ua cov kuab tshuaj lossis cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Cov roj uas siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv qhov chaw yog cov roj nyoos lossis nws cov feem hnyav. Yuav kom txhim kho nws cov viscosity thiab cov yam ntxwv kub, yuav tsum ntxiv cov roj-soluble petroleum sulfonate (molecular weight 300-750). Cov kua tawg ua los ntawm roj kuj suav nrog cov kua tawg ua los ntawm dej hauv roj thiab cov kua tawg ua los ntawm roj ua npuas ncauj. Cov emulsifiers siv rau hauv cov qub yog cov roj-soluble anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants thiab nonionic surfactants, thaum cov foam stabilizers siv rau hauv cov tom kawg yog cov polymer surfactants uas muaj fluorine.

Cov kua dej uas tawg ua tej daim uas rhiab dej siv cov cawv (xws li ethylene glycol) thiab roj (xws li kerosene) ua cov khoom sib xyaw, cov pa roj carbon dioxide ua cov theem sib xyaw, thiab sulfate-salted polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether ua cov emulsifier. Los yog emulsion lossis ua npuas ncauj uas muaj cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj los tawg cov daim uas rhiab dej.

Cov kua dej tawg uas siv rau kev tawg thiab acidification yog ob qho tib si kua dej tawg thiab kua dej acidifying. Nws yog siv rau hauv cov qauv carbonate, thiab ob qho kev ntsuas tau ua tiav tib lub sijhawm. Hais txog surfactants yog acid ua npuas ncauj thiab acid emulsion. Tus thawj siv alkyl sulfonate lossis alkyl benzene sulfonate ua tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj, thiab tus tom kawg siv sulfonate surfactant ua emulsifier. Ib yam li cov kua acidifying, cov kua dej tawg kuj siv surfactants ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv emulsifiers, cov khoom pab ntws thiab cov neeg sawv cev rov qab ntub, uas yuav tsis tham txog ntawm no.

6. Siv cov tshuaj surfactants rau kev tswj cov profile thiab kev ntsuas thaiv dej

Yuav kom txhim kho qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev txhaj dej thiab tiv thaiv qhov nce ntawm cov roj av, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los kho qhov profile nqus dej ntawm cov qhov dej txhaj dej thiab kom nce kev tsim khoom los ntawm kev thaiv dej ntawm cov qhov dej tsim khoom. Qee cov txheej txheem tswj cov qauv thiab thaiv dej feem ntau siv qee cov surfactants.

Tus neeg sawv cev tswj hwm HPC/SDS gel yog tsim los ntawm hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) thiab sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) hauv dej tshiab.

Sodium alkyl sulfonate thiab alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride raug yaj rau hauv dej los npaj ob lub kua ua haujlwm, uas raug txhaj rau hauv qhov tsim ib qho tom qab ib qho. Ob lub kua ua haujlwm sib cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg hauv qhov tsim los tsim alkyl trimethylamine. Cov sulfite precipitates thiab thaiv cov txheej permeability siab.

Polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, alkyl aryl sulfonates, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem siv ua cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj, yaj hauv dej los npaj cov kua ua haujlwm, thiab tom qab ntawd txhaj rau hauv qhov tsim hloov pauv nrog cov kua carbon dioxide ua haujlwm kua, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov tsim (feem ntau siab Lub txheej permeable) tsim ua npuas ncauj, tsim kev thaiv, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tswj hwm profile.

Siv cov tshuaj quaternary ammonium surfactant ua tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj yaj hauv cov kua silicic acid sol uas muaj ammonium sulfate thiab dej iav thiab txhaj rau hauv qhov tsim, thiab tom qab ntawd txhaj cov roj uas tsis sib xyaw (cov roj ntuj lossis chlorine), daim ntawv ua kua tuaj yeem tsim tau hauv qhov tsim ua ntej. Cov ua npuas ncauj hauv cov txheej sib cais, ua raws li cov gelation ntawm silicic acid sol, tsim cov ua npuas ncauj nrog cov khoom khov ua cov khoom sib cais, uas ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ntsaws cov txheej permeability siab thiab tswj cov profile.

Siv cov tshuaj sulfonate surfactants ua cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas dej thiab cov tshuaj polymer ua cov khoom ua npuas dej tuab, thiab tom qab ntawd txhaj cov roj lossis cov tshuaj tsim roj, ua npuas dej ua rau hauv av lossis hauv qhov chaw tsim. Cov npuas dej no ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw hauv cov roj txheej. Ntau ntau ntawm cov neeg sawv cev txav mus rau qhov sib tshuam roj-dej, ua rau cov npuas dej puas tsuaj, yog li nws tsis thaiv cov roj txheej. Nws yog cov neeg sawv cev xaiv thiab thaiv dej hauv qhov dej roj.

Cov tshuaj thaiv dej uas muaj roj yog cov tshuaj uas muaj cov cement nyob hauv roj. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov cement yog hydrophilic. Thaum nws nkag mus rau hauv txheej tsim dej, dej yuav hloov qhov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov dej roj thiab cov cement ntawm qhov saum npoo ntawm cov cement, ua rau cov cement khov thiab thaiv cov txheej tsim dej. Yuav kom txhim kho qhov kev ntws ntawm cov tshuaj no, cov carboxylate thiab sulfonate surfactants feem ntau raug ntxiv rau.

Cov tshuaj micellar uas yaj tau hauv dej yog cov tshuaj micellar uas muaj roj av ammonium sulfonate, hydrocarbons thiab cawv. Nws muaj dej ntsev ntau hauv cov tshuaj no thiab ua rau nws nplaum thiab ua rau nws thaiv dej tau.

Cov tshuaj cationic surfactant uas yog dej los yog roj yog cov tshuaj thaiv dej uas muaj cov alkyl carboxylate thiab alkyl ammonium chloride ntsev thiab tsuas yog siv rau cov pob zeb sandstone xwb.

Tus neeg sawv cev thaiv dej rau cov roj hnyav yog ib hom roj hnyav uas yaj nrog dej hauv roj emulsifier. Nws tsim cov dej hauv roj emulsion uas muaj viscous heev tom qab cov dej tsim tawm kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev thaiv dej.

Tus neeg sawv cev thaiv dej roj hauv dej yog npaj los ntawm kev emulsifying cov roj hnyav hauv dej siv cov cationic surfactant ua cov roj hauv dej emulsifier.

7. Siv cov tshuaj surfactants rau kev tswj cov xuab zeb

Ua ntej yuav siv cov tshuaj surfactants los tswj cov xuab zeb, yuav tsum muab ib co dej uas muaj surfactants los txhaj rau hauv cov xuab zeb ua ntej kom ntxuav cov xuab zeb kom zoo dua qub. Tam sim no, cov surfactants uas siv feem ntau yog anionic surfactants.

8. Surfactant rau cov roj crude dehydration

Hauv cov theem rov qab roj thawj thiab theem ob, cov dej-hauv-roj demulsifiers feem ntau siv rau cov roj nyoos uas tau rho tawm. Peb tiam neeg ntawm cov khoom tau tsim. Thawj tiam neeg yog carboxylate, sulfate thiab sulfonate. Ob tiam neeg yog cov surfactants tsis muaj zog molecular xws li OP, Pingpingjia thiab sulfonated castor roj. Peb tiam neeg yog polymer nonionic surfactant.

Nyob rau theem tom qab ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm roj theem ob thiab theem peb, cov roj nyoos uas tsim tawm feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov roj-hauv-dej emulsion. Muaj plaub hom demulsifiers siv, xws li tetradecyltrimethyloxyammonium chloride thiab didecyldimethylammonium chloride. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau cov anionic emulsifiers hloov lawv cov hydrophilic roj sib npaug, lossis Adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov av nplaum dej-ntub, hloov lawv cov dej noo thiab rhuav tshem cov roj-hauv-dej emulsions. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov anionic surfactants thiab cov roj-soluble nonionic surfactants uas tuaj yeem siv ua dej-hauv-roj emulsifiers kuj tuaj yeem siv ua demulsifiers rau cov roj-hauv-dej emulsions.

1. Cov tshuaj surfactants rau kev kho dej

Tom qab cov kua dej tsim tawm ntawm qhov dej tau raug cais tawm ntawm cov roj nyoos, cov dej tsim tawm yuav tsum tau kho kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau rov txhaj dua. Muaj rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho dej, uas yog kev tiv thaiv xeb, kev tiv thaiv cov nplai, kev tua kab mob, kev tshem tawm cov pa oxygen, kev tshem tawm roj thiab kev tshem tawm cov khoom khov kho. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xeb, cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv cov nplai, cov kab mob tua kab mob, cov tshuaj tshem tawm cov pa oxygen, cov tshuaj tshem roj thiab cov tshuaj flocculants, thiab lwm yam. Cov hauv qab no suav nrog cov surfactants kev lag luam:

Cov surfactants kev lag luam siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xeb suav nrog cov ntsev ntawm alkyl sulfonic acid, alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid, linear alkyl amine ntsev, quaternary ammonium ntsev, thiab alkyl pyridine ntsev. , cov ntsev ntawm imidazoline thiab nws cov derivatives, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene dialkyl propargyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene rosin amine, polyoxyethylene stearylamine thiab polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers Alkyl sulfonate, ntau yam quaternary ammonium internal ntsev, di(polyoxyethylene)alkyl internal ntsev thiab lawv cov derivatives.

Cov tshuaj surfactants siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj suav nrog cov ntsev phosphate ester, cov ntsev sulfate ester, acetates, carboxylates thiab lawv cov tshuaj polyoxyethylene. Kev ruaj khov thermal ntawm cov ntsev sulfonate ester thiab cov ntsev carboxylate zoo dua li cov ntsev phosphate ester thiab cov ntsev sulfate ester.

Cov surfactants kev lag luam siv rau hauv fungicides suav nrog cov ntsev alkylamine linear, cov ntsev ammonium quaternary, cov ntsev alkylpyridinium, cov ntsev ntawm imidazoline thiab nws cov derivatives, ntau yam ntsev ammonium quaternary, di (polyoxy) Vinyl) alkyl thiab cov ntsev sab hauv ntawm nws cov derivatives.

Cov tshuaj surfactants siv rau hauv cov degreasers feem ntau yog surfactants nrog cov qauv branched thiab sodium dithiocarboxylate pawg.

10. Surfactant rau cov roj tshuaj lom neeg

Kev rov qab tau roj thawj zaug thiab roj thib ob tuaj yeem rov qab tau 25% -50% ntawm cov roj av hauv av, tab sis tseem muaj ntau cov roj av uas tseem nyob hauv av thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov qab tau. Kev ua kom tau roj thib peb tuaj yeem txhim kho kev rov qab tau roj av. Kev rov qab tau roj thib peb feem ntau siv txoj kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, uas yog, ntxiv qee cov tshuaj lom neeg rau hauv cov dej txhaj tshuaj kom txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm dej ntws. Ntawm cov tshuaj siv, qee cov yog cov tshuaj surfactants hauv kev lag luam. Kev qhia luv luv txog lawv yog raws li nram no:

Txoj kev siv tshuaj lom neeg los ntxuav roj siv cov surfactant ua tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb hu ua surfactant flooding. Cov surfactants feem ntau ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhim kho kev rov qab los ntawm kev txo qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm cov roj-dej thiab ua rau cov hlab ntsha loj zuj zus. Vim tias qhov chaw ntawm cov pob zeb sandstone muaj qhov tsis zoo, cov surfactants siv feem ntau yog anionic surfactants, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv yog sulfonate surfactants. Nws yog ua los ntawm kev siv tus neeg sawv cev sulfonating (xws li sulfur trioxide) los sulfonate cov roj av feem nrog cov roj av aromatic ntau, thiab tom qab ntawd neutralizing lawv nrog alkali. Nws cov lus qhia: cov khoom siv nquag 50% -80%, roj av 5% -30%, dej 2% -20%, sodium sulfate 1% -6%. Petroleum sulfonate tsis tiv taus kub, ntsev, lossis cov hlau ions kim heev. Cov sulfonates hluavtaws yog npaj los ntawm cov hydrocarbons sib xws siv cov txheej txheem sib xws. Ntawm lawv, α-olefin sulfonate tshwj xeeb tiv taus ntsev thiab cov hlau ions muaj nqis siab. Lwm cov anionic-nonionic surfactants thiab carboxylate surfactants kuj siv tau rau kev hloov roj. Kev hloov roj surfactant xav tau ob hom additives: ib qho yog co-surfactant, xws li isobutanol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, urea, sulfolane, alkenylene benzene sulfonate, thiab lwm yam, thiab lwm qhov yog dielectric, suav nrog cov kua qaub thiab alkali ntsev, feem ntau yog ntsev, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov hydrophilicity ntawm surfactant thiab ua rau lipophilicity ntau ntxiv, thiab tseem hloov qhov hydrophilic-lipophilic sib npaug ntawm tus neeg sawv cev nquag. Txhawm rau kom txo qhov poob ntawm surfactant thiab txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam, surfactant dej nyab kuj siv cov tshuaj hu ua sacrificial agents. Cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem siv ua sacrificial agents suav nrog cov alkaline tshuaj thiab polycarboxylic acids thiab lawv cov ntsev. Oligomers thiab polymers kuj tuaj yeem siv ua sacrificial agents. Lignosulfonates thiab lawv cov kev hloov kho yog sacrificial agents.

Txoj kev hloov roj siv ob lossis ntau cov tshuaj lom neeg hloov roj tseem ceeb hu ua composite flooding. Txoj kev hloov roj no cuam tshuam nrog surfactants suav nrog: surfactant thiab polymer thickened surfactant flooding; Alkali-enhanced surfactant flooding nrog alkali + surfactant lossis surfactant-enhanced alkali flooding; element-based composite flooding nrog alkali + surfactant + polymer. Composite flooding feem ntau muaj cov yam ntxwv rov qab zoo dua li ib qho tsav. Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas tam sim no ntawm kev txhim kho hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, ternary compound flooding muaj qhov zoo dua li binary compound flooding. Cov surfactants siv hauv ternary composite flooding feem ntau yog roj av sulfonates, feem ntau kuj siv ua ke nrog sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid thiab carboxylates ntawm polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, thiab polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol alkyl sulfonate sodium salts. thiab lwm yam kom txhim kho nws cov ntsev kam. Tsis ntev los no, ob qho tib si hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv cov biosurfactants, xws li rhamnolipid, sophorolipid fermentation broth, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau cov carboxylates sib xyaw ntuj thiab cov khoom ua los ntawm papermaking alkali lignin, thiab lwm yam, thiab tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sim hauv teb thiab sab hauv tsev. Cov nyhuv zoo hloov roj.