Kev Siv Cov Surfactants Hauv Kev Tsim Kho Asphalt Pavement

Cov tshuaj surfactants muaj ntau daim ntawv thov hauv kev tsim kho asphalt pavement, feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

1. Ua Cov Khoom Siv Sib Xyaws Sov

(1) Txoj Kev Ua Haujlwm

Cov tshuaj ntxiv rau kev sib tov sov yog ib hom surfactant (piv txwv li, APTL-hom tshuaj ntxiv rau kev sib tov sov) uas muaj cov pab pawg lipophilic thiab hydrophilic hauv lawv cov qauv molecular. Thaum lub sijhawm sib tov cov asphalt sib tov, cov tshuaj ntxiv rau kev sib tov sov raug txau rau hauv lub lauj kaub sib tov sib xyaw nrog asphalt. Hauv qab kev sib xyaw tshuab, cov pab pawg lipophilic sib txuas nrog asphalt, thaum cov dej seem sib xyaw nrog cov pab pawg hydrophilic los tsim cov dej txheej txheem ntawm cov asphalt-coated aggregates. Cov dej txheej txheem no ua haujlwm ua cov roj nplua nyeem, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom sib tov thaum lub sijhawm sib tov. Thaum lub sijhawm paving thiab compacting, cov dej txheej txheem txuas ntxiv muab cov roj nplua nyeem, ua rau paving ceev dua thiab pab txhawb kev compacting ntawm cov khoom sib tov. Tom qab compaction tiav, cov dej txheej txheem maj mam evaporate, thiab cov surfactant tsiv mus rau qhov sib tshuam ntawm asphalt thiab aggregates, txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov aggregates thiab asphalt binder.

(2) Cov txiaj ntsig

Cov tshuaj ntxiv rau kev sib tov sov tuaj yeem txo qhov kub ntawm kev sib tov, kev ua vaj tse, thiab kev sib zog los ntawm 30–60°C, ua rau lub caij tsim kho ntev mus rau qhov chaw siab dua 0°C. Lawv txo cov pa phem CO₂ kwv yees li 50% thiab cov pa phem roj (piv txwv li, cov pa roj asphalt) ntau dua 80%. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm asphalt, xyuas kom meej tias kev sib zog zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho, thiab ua kom lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev asphalt ntev dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov tshuaj ntxiv rau kev sib tov sov tuaj yeem ua rau cov nroj tsuag sib tov ntau dua 20–25% thiab ua kom ceev ntawm kev ua vaj tse/kev sib zog los ntawm 10–20%, yog li txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho thiab luv lub sijhawm tsim kho.

2. Ua cov khoom siv Asphalt Emulsifiers

(1) Kev faib tawm thiab cov yam ntxwv

Cov tshuaj emulsifiers asphalt yog cov surfactants uas muab faib ua pawg raws li cov yam ntxwv ionic ua cationic, anionic, non-ionic, thiab amphoteric. Cov tshuaj emulsifiers asphalt cationic nqus tau rau ntawm cov pob zeb uas muaj cov nqi tsis zoo los ntawm cov nqi zoo, muab kev nplaum zoo - ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau thaj chaw noo thiab los nag. Cov tshuaj emulsifiers anionic, txawm tias pheej yig, tsis tiv taus dej thiab maj mam hloov pauv. Cov tshuaj emulsifiers uas tsis yog ionic thiab amphoteric ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig tshwj xeeb. Muab faib ua pawg raws li qhov ceev ntawm demulsification, lawv suav nrog kev teeb tsa qeeb (siv rau kev foob slurry thiab kev rov ua dua tshiab txias), kev teeb tsa nruab nrab (sib npaug lub sijhawm qhib thiab kev kho ceev), thiab kev teeb tsa sai (siv rau kev kho qhov chaw kom ua rau kev kho sai thiab kev qhib txoj kev).

(2) Cov Xwm Txheej Thov

Cov tshuaj emulsifiers asphalt ua rau muaj kev sib tov txias thiab cov txheej txheem paving txias uas tshem tawm qhov xav tau cua sov asphalt, txo kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dua 30% - qhov zoo dua hauv thaj chaw roob deb lossis kho txoj kev hauv nroog sai. Lawv kuj tseem siv rau kev saib xyuas tiv thaiv (piv txwv li, foob slurry) los kho cov kev taug kev qub thiab txuas lub neej kev pabcuam los ntawm 5-8 xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv txhawb nqa kev siv dua tshiab txias hauv qhov chaw, ua tiav 100% kev siv dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv asphalt qub thiab txo cov nqi los ntawm 20%.

3. Txhim kho qhov ua haujlwm tau ntawm Cutback Asphalt thiab nws cov sib xyaw

(1) Cov nyhuv

Cov tshuaj surfactants uas tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov roj hnyav viscosity reducers (AMS) nrog Span80, thaum ntxiv rau hauv cutback asphalt, txo qhov kev nruj ntawm qhov chaw ntawm asphalt-aggregate interface thiab txo qhov viscosity ntawm cutback asphalt. Qhov no ua kom muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws thaum txo cov koob tshuaj diesel. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj surfactants ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntawm asphalt ntawm cov aggregate surfaces, txo qhov kev tiv thaiv thaum paving, thiab ua rau qib kawg ntawm kev sib xyaw asphalt cutback - txhim kho kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm paving/compaction.

(2) Lub Tshuab

Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke hloov pauv qhov sib zog ntawm cov kua thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm asphalt thiab cov pob zeb sib xyaw, ua rau cov khoom sib xyaw asphalt tuaj yeem ua tau zoo txawm tias muaj cov tshuaj diluent tsawg dua. Ntawm cov tshuaj surfactant ntawm 1.0–1.5%, kev txhim kho hauv kev paving thiab compaction ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw asphalt cutback yog sib npaug rau kev ntxiv 4–6% diesel diluent, uas ua rau cov khoom sib xyaw ua tiav tib yam kev sib xyaw thiab kev ua haujlwm compaction.

4. Rau Kev Siv Dua Tshiab ntawm Asphalt Pavements

(1) Txoj Kev Siv Rov Qab

Cov tshuaj emulsifiers uas siv rov qab ua dua tshiab txias yog cov surfactants uas faib asphalt mus ua cov me me los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshuaj lom neeg thiab ua kom lawv ruaj khov hauv dej, nrog lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ua rau kev tsim asphalt hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Cov molecules emulsifier tsim ib txheej adsorption ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm asphalt-aggregate, tiv taus kev yaig dej - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo rau cov aggregates acidic. Lub caij no, cov roj sib xyaw hauv asphalt emulsified nkag mus rau asphalt laus, ib feem rov qab kho nws qhov kev ywj pheej thiab ua rau kom muaj kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv rov qab.

(2) Cov txiaj ntsig

Kev siv tshuab rov ua dua tshiab txias ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw thiab kev tsim kho ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, txo kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm 50–70% piv rau kev siv tshuab rov ua dua tshiab kub thiab txo cov pa roj av uas ua rau lub ntiaj teb sov. Nws ua raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev siv cov peev txheej rov ua dua tshiab thiab kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov.