Cov nyhuv tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm surfactants

Qhov ua kom cov tshuaj surfactants huv yog qhov tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov surfactants muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Nws muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lub neej txhua hnub ntawm ntau txhiab tsev neeg thiab kuj siv ntau ntxiv hauv ntau yam lag luam thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam.

1.Cov nyhuv tiv thaiv kab mob of cov tshuaj surfactants

Cov fibers, plastics thiab lwm yam khoom feem ntau tsim hluav taws xob static vim muaj kev sib txhuam, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom no. Piv txwv li, yog tias cov ntaub fiber nqa hluav taws xob static, lawv feem ntau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov tsis zoo xws li "clinging" lossis "static adhesion", nrog rau kev yooj yim nqus cov hmoov av thiab yooj yim qias neeg. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob static rau cov khoom yas yog qhov tseem ceeb dua: cov khoom no tsis tsuas yog yooj yim nqus cov hmoov av, uas ua rau lawv cov pob tshab, qhov huv ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov tsos, tab sis kuj txo lawv cov kev ua haujlwm thiab tus nqi.

Yuav kom tshem tawm qhov teeb meem zoo li qub no, feem ntau siv txoj kev tiv thaiv zoo li qub siv cov surfactants. Cov surfactants no hu ua cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv zoo li qub.

2.Electrostaticphenomena thiab lawv ua rau

Txawm hais tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txheej txheem them fiber uas tau los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb sib txawv txawv me ntsis, cov fibers uas muaj amide bonds xws li wool, nylon thiab wool cuav feem ntau yuav raug them zoo. Cov xwm txheej them ntawm cov yas feem ntau tau qhia hauv Rooj 10-2. Cov txheej txheem them ntawm cov khoom feem ntau los ntawm qhov zoo mus rau qhov tsis zoo yog raws li nram no: (+) Polyurethane - Plaub Hau - Nylon - Wool - Silk - Viscose fiber - Paj Rwb - Roj Hmab - Acetate fiber - Vinylon - Polypropylene - Polyester - Polyacrylonitrile - Polyvinyl chloride - Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer - Polyethylene - Polytetrafluoroethylene (-). Txawm hais tias qhov ua rau muaj hluav taws xob zoo li qub tseem tsis tau nkag siab tag nrho, feem ntau pom zoo tias hluav taws xob zoo li qub yog tsim thaum ntau hom khoom sib txhuam rau ib leeg, ua rau cov nqi txav tau hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom sib txhuam. Hom nqi uas ib yam khoom nqa tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov nce lossis poob ntawm cov electrons. Ib yam khoom dhau los ua qhov them zoo yog tias nws poob cov electrons, thiab them tsis zoo yog tias nws tau txais cov electrons.

3.Tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kab mob

Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub:

(1) Txoj kev siv lub cev. Vim tias qhov loj ntawm hluav taws xob zoo li qub raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thiab av noo, cov txheej txheem siv lub cev xws li kev kho qhov kub thiab av noo thiab kev tso tawm corona tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm hluav taws xob zoo li qub ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom.

(2) Txoj kev siv tshuaj lom neeg saum npoo av. Uas yog, cov tshuaj surfactants, tseem hu ua cov neeg sawv cev antistatic, yog siv los kho cov nplaim ntawm cov fibers thiab cov khoom yas lossis sib xyaw rau hauv sab hauv ntawm cov yas kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm hluav taws xob zoo li qub.

4.antistatic tus neeg sawv cev rau cov fibers

4.1Cov kev cai rau cov neeg sawv cev antistatic:

(1) Nws yuav tsis hloov qhov kev xav ntawm tes ntawm cov fibers;

(2) Nws yuav tsum muaj cov nyhuv antistatic zoo heev nrog cov koob tshuaj tsawg thiab tseem ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm qhov kub qis;

(3) Nws yuav tsum muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov fibers resin;

(4) Nws yuav tsum ua kom pom tseeb tias nws sib haum xeeb zoo nrog lwm cov khoom ntxiv;

(5) Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau muaj npuas dej lossis dej qias neeg;

(6) Nws yuav tsum tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis ua rau khaus tawv nqaij;

(7) Nws yuav tsum tswj tau qhov ruaj khov zoo.

4.2Hom Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob

Cov hom tshuaj antistatic tseem ceeb uas siv rau cov fibers yog cationic thiab amphoteric ionic surfactants.

4.3Txoj Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob

Rau cov surfactants siv ua cov tshuaj fiber antistatic, lub tshuab antistatic feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog ob yam: tiv thaiv kev tsim hluav taws xob zoo li qub ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub fiber vim kev sib txhuam thiab dissipating nto them. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev sib txhuam hluav taws xob yog ze rau cov qauv ntawm surfactants, thaum dissipation ntawm nto them yog cuam tshuam nrog qhov adsorption thiab hygroscopicity ntawm surfactants ntawm cov ntaub fiber.

Cov tshuaj cationic surfactants yooj yim nqus mus rau ntawm cov nplaim fiber uas raug them tsis zoo los ntawm lawv cov nqi zoo.

① Lawv tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov nqi ntawm cov fibers;

② Thaum cov cationic surfactants nqus mus rau ntawm cov nplaim fiber hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov quaternary ammonium ions uas muaj cov khoom zoo nrog lawv cov saw hydrophobic hydrocarbon tig mus rau sab nraud, ib zaj duab xis adsorption uas muaj cov saw hydrocarbon tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw fiber. Zaj duab xis no txo ​​qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm lub zog uas tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw fiber thaum lub sijhawm sib txhuam, yog li ua rau kev sib txhuam hluav taws xob tsis muaj zog.

Rau cov fibers hluavtaws uas muaj polarity qis thiab hydrophobicity muaj zog, cationic surfactants adsorb rau ntawm qhov chaw fiber los ntawm van der Waals rog los ntawm lawv cov hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains, nrog lawv cov polar quaternary ammonium pawg tig mus rau sab nraud. Qhov no npog qhov chaw fiber nrog hydrophilic polar pawg, uas tsis tsuas yog txhim kho cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm qhov chaw fiber tab sis kuj ua rau nws cov dej noo noo, pab txhawb kev tshem tawm ntawm hluav taws xob zoo li qub los ntawm kev sib txhuam thiab ua tiav cov nyhuv antistatic.

Qhov adsorption ntawm dioctadecyl ammonium chloride ntawm cov nplaim fiber ntuj yog siab dua li ntawm cov fibers hluavtaws, qhia txog nws cov nyhuv antistatic zoo dua ntawm cov fibers ntuj.

Ib yam li cov cationic surfactants, amphoteric ionic surfactants nqa cov nqi zoo thiab tuaj yeem nqus tau rau ntawm cov fiber nto uas muaj nqi tsis zoo kom tsis txhob muaj cov nqi zoo li qub. Lawv cov pab pawg hydrophobic kuj txo qhov kev sib txhuam. Piv nrog cov cationic surfactants, lawv kuj muaj ib pab pawg anionic hauv lawv cov qauv molecular, ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov dej noo thiab cov nqi dissipation. Yog li ntawd, amphoteric ionic surfactants yog cov neeg sawv cev antistatic ua tau zoo, txawm tias tus nqi kim heev.

Cov tshuaj surfactants anionic thiab non-ionic qhia txog cov teebmeem antistatic tsis zoo vim lawv cov nqi adsorption tsawg ntawm cov fiber surfactants. Cov nqi adsorption ntawm cov non-ionic surfactants siab dua li ntawm cov anionic surfactants vim nws tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nqi fiber surfactants; txawm li cas los xij, lawv lub peev xwm los dissipate hluav taws xob static tsis muaj zog, ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm antistatic qis dua piv rau cationic thiab amphoteric ionic surfactants.

5.Cov neeg sawv cev antistatic rau plastics

Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov surfactants ua haujlwm ua cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob rau cov yas: Surfactants nqus mus rau ntawm qhov chaw yas ntawm van der Waals lub zog los ntawm lawv cov saw hydrophobic hydrocarbon, nrog rau lawv cov pawg polar nthuav dav mus rau sab nraud. Ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab adsorption ntawm surfactants tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw yas, muab cov hluav taws xob conductivity uas tso cai rau cov nqi hluav taws xob kom dissipate zoo. Lub caij no, zaj duab xis adsorption kuj txo qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov chaw yas.

Cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kab mob yas raug faib ua pawg los ntawm hom surfactant raws li hauv qab no:

(1) Hom Anionic;

(2) Hom Cationic;

(3) Hom ionic Amphoteric;

(4) Hom tsis yog ionic.

Cov neeg sawv cev antistatic tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg raws li txoj kev siv:

(1) Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntawm cov txheej txheem saum npoo;

(2) Cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob sab hauv.