Shampoo wani samfur ne da ake amfani da shi a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun na mutane don cire datti daga fatar kai da gashi da kiyaye gashin kai da tsabta.Babban sinadaran shamfu sune surfactants (wanda ake kira surfactants), thickeners, conditioners, preservatives, da dai sauransu. Mafi mahimmancin sashi shine surfactants.Ayyukan surfactants sun haɗa da ba kawai tsaftacewa ba, kumfa, sarrafa halayen rheological, da laushin fata, amma kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin cationic flocculation.Saboda ana iya ajiye polymer cationic akan gashi, tsarin yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da aikin saman, kuma aikin saman yana taimakawa ƙaddamar da sauran abubuwan amfani (kamar silicone emulsion, anti-dandruff acts).Canza tsarin surfactant ko canza matakan electrolyte koyaushe zai haifar da sarkar yanayin daidaita tasirin polymer a cikin shamfu.
1.SLES aikin tebur
SLS yana da sakamako mai kyau mai laushi, yana iya samar da kumfa mai wadata, kuma yana kula da samar da kumfa mai walƙiya.Duk da haka, yana da haɗin gwiwa mai karfi tare da sunadaran kuma yana da matukar damuwa ga fata, don haka da wuya a yi amfani da shi azaman babban aikin saman.Babban abin aiki na yau da kullun na shamfu shine SLES.Tasirin tallan SLES akan fata da gashi a bayyane yake ƙasa da na SLS daidai.Kayayyakin SLES tare da mafi girman matakin ethoxylation ba za su sami tasirin talla ba.Bugu da ƙari, kumfa na SLES Yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali da ƙarfin juriya ga ruwa mai wuya.Fatar jiki, musamman maƙarƙashiya, ta fi haƙuri ga SLES fiye da SLS.Sodium laureth sulfate da ammonium laureth sulfate sune nau'ikan SLES da aka fi amfani da su a kasuwa.Wani bincike da Long Zhike da wasu suka gudanar ya gano cewa laureth sulfate amine yana da dankowar kumfa mai kyau, da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, matsakaicin girman kumfa, da kyau, da laushin gashi bayan wankewa, amma laureth sulfate ammonium gishiri Ammoniya gas za a rabu a karkashin yanayin alkaline, don haka sodium laureth. Sulfate, wanda ke buƙatar kewayon pH mai faɗi, an fi amfani da shi sosai, amma kuma yana da ban haushi fiye da gishirin ammonium.Yawan raka'a ethoxy SLES yawanci tsakanin raka'a 1 zuwa 5 ne.Ƙarin ƙungiyoyin ethoxy zai rage mahimmancin micelle (CMC) na sulfate surfactants.Mafi girman raguwa a cikin CMC yana faruwa bayan ƙara ƙungiyar ethoxy guda ɗaya kawai, yayin da bayan ƙara 2 zuwa 4 ƙungiyoyin ethoxy, raguwa ya ragu sosai.Yayin da raka'a na ethoxy ke ƙaruwa, daidaituwar AES tare da fata yana inganta, kuma kusan ba a lura da haushin fata a cikin SLES mai ɗauke da raka'a 10 na ethoxy.Duk da haka, gabatarwar ƙungiyoyin ethoxy yana ƙaruwa da solubility na surfactant, wanda ke hana ginin danko, don haka ana buƙatar samun daidaito.Yawancin shamfu na kasuwanci suna amfani da SLES mai ɗauke da matsakaicin raka'a 1 zuwa 3.
A taƙaice, SLES yana da tsada-tasiri a cikin ƙirar shamfu.Ba wai kawai yana da kumfa mai wadata ba, juriya mai ƙarfi ga ruwa mai ƙarfi, yana da sauƙin kauri, kuma yana da saurin cationic flocculation, don haka har yanzu shi ne babban surfactant a cikin shamfu na yanzu.
2. Amino acid surfactants
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saboda SLES ya ƙunshi dioxane, masu amfani sun juya zuwa tsarin surfactant mai sauƙi, irin su amino acid surfactant systems, alkyl glycoside surfactant systems, da dai sauransu.
Amino acid surfactants an raba su zuwa acyl glutamate, N-acyl sarcosinate, N-methylacyl taurate, da dai sauransu.
2.1 Acyl glutamate
Acyl glutamates sun kasu kashi monosodium gishiri da disodium gishiri.Maganin ruwa na gishiri monosodium shine acidic, kuma maganin ruwa na gishiri disodium shine alkaline.Tsarin surfactant na acyl glutamate yana da ikon kumfa mai dacewa, damshi da kaddarorin wankewa, da juriya mai ƙarfi da ruwa waɗanda suka fi ko kama da SLES.Yana da aminci sosai, ba zai haifar da ɓacin rai da hankali ba, kuma yana da ƙarancin phototoxicity., Haƙuri na lokaci ɗaya ga mucosa ido yana da sauƙi, kuma fushi ga fata mai rauni (mafificin kashi 5% na taro) yana kusa da na ruwa.Mafi wakilin acyl glutamate shine disodium cocoyl glutamate..Disodium cocoyl glutamate an yi shi ne daga acid kwakwa na halitta mai aminci sosai da glutamic acid bayan acyl chloride.Li Qiang et al.da aka samo a cikin "Bincike akan Aikace-aikacen Disodium Cocoyl Glutamate a Silicone-Free Shampoos" cewa ƙara disodium cocoyl glutamate zuwa tsarin SLES zai iya inganta ƙarfin kumfa na tsarin kuma rage alamun SLES.Hannun shamfu.Lokacin da adadin dilution ya kasance sau 10, sau 20, sau 30, da sau 50, disodium cocoyl glutamate bai shafi saurin flocculation da ƙarfin tsarin ba.Lokacin da dilution factor ne sau 70 ko 100 sau, da flocculation sakamako ne mafi alhẽri, amma thickening ne mafi wuya.Dalili kuwa shi ne cewa akwai ƙungiyoyin carboxyl guda biyu a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta disodium cocoyl glutamate, kuma ƙungiyar hydrophilic head group an katse shi a wurin sadarwa.Yankin da ya fi girma yana haifar da ƙaramin ma'auni mai mahimmanci, kuma surfactant cikin sauƙi yana haɗawa zuwa siffa mai siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar fuska, yana da wuyar gaske.
2.2 N-acyl sarcosinate
N-acyl sarcosinate yana da tasirin wetting a cikin tsaka-tsaki zuwa kewayon acidic mai rauni, yana da kumfa mai ƙarfi da tasiri mai ƙarfi, kuma yana da babban juriya ga ruwa mai ƙarfi da electrolytes.Mafi wakilci shine sodium lauroyl sarcosinate..Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate yana da kyakkyawan sakamako mai tsabta.Yana da wani nau'in amino acid anionic surfactant wanda aka shirya daga tushen halitta na lauric acid da sodium sarcosinate ta hanyar mataki hudu na phthalization, condensation, acidification da samuwar gishiri.wakili.Ayyukan sodium lauroyl sarcosinate dangane da aikin kumfa, ƙarar kumfa da aikin defoaming yana kusa da na sodium laureth sulfate.Duk da haka, a cikin tsarin shamfu mai dauke da polymer cationic iri ɗaya, maƙallan flocculation na biyu sun wanzu.bambanci bayyananne.A cikin matakin kumfa da gogewa, tsarin tsarin amino acid shamfu yana da ƙarancin gogewa fiye da tsarin sulfate;a cikin matakin flushing, ba wai kawai zamewar da ake yi ba ya ɗan yi ƙasa kaɗan, amma kuma saurin juyewar shamfu na amino acid ya yi ƙasa da na shamfu sulfate.Wang Kuan et al.gano cewa tsarin fili na sodium lauroyl sarcosinate da nonionic, anionic da zwitterionic surfactants.Ta hanyar canza sigogi irin su sashi na surfactant da rabo, an gano cewa don tsarin hadaddun mahaɗan binary, ƙaramin adadin alkyl glycosides na iya cimma kauri na synergistic;yayin da a cikin tsarin fili na ternary, rabo yana da tasiri mai girma akan danko na tsarin, daga cikinsu Haɗin sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, cocamidopropyl betaine da alkyl glycosides na iya samun sakamako mai kyau na kai.Amino acid surfactant tsarin zai iya koyo daga irin wannan nau'in makirci.
2.3 N-Methylacyltaurine
Abubuwan da ke cikin jiki da sinadarai na N-methylacyl taurate sun yi kama da na sodium alkyl sulfate tare da tsayin sarkar iri ɗaya.Hakanan yana da kyawawan kaddarorin kumfa kuma ba a sauƙaƙe ta hanyar pH da taurin ruwa.Yana da kyawawan kaddarorin kumfa a cikin kewayon acidic mai rauni, ko da a cikin ruwa mai ƙarfi, don haka yana da fa'idar amfani fiye da alkyl sulfates, kuma ba shi da haushi ga fata fiye da N-sodium lauroyl glutamate da sodium lauryl phosphate.Kusa da, ƙasa mai nisa fiye da SLES, ƙananan fushi ne, mai laushi mai laushi.Mafi wakilci shine sodium methyl cocoyl taurate.Sodium methyl cocoyl taurate yana samuwa ne ta hanyar daɗaɗɗen fatty acid da aka samu ta halitta da sodium methyl taurate.Amino acid surfactant ne na gabaɗaya tare da kumfa mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau.Yana da m ba ya shafar pH da ruwa.Tasirin taurin.Sodium methyl cocoyl taurate yana da tasiri mai kauri tare da amphoteric surfactants, musamman nau'in betaine na amphoteric surfactants.Zheng Xiaomei et al.a cikin "Bincike akan Ayyukan Aikace-aikacen Amino Acid Surfactants guda hudu a cikin Shampoos" mayar da hankali kan sodium cocoyl glutamate, sodium cocoyl alanate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, da sodium lauroyl aspartate.An gudanar da nazarin kwatancen akan aikin aikace-aikacen a cikin shamfu.Ɗaukar sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) azaman tunani, aikin kumfa, iyawar tsaftacewa, aikin kauri da aikin flocculation an tattauna.Ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje, an kammala cewa aikin kumfa na sodium cocoyl alanine da sodium lauroyl sarcosinate ya fi na SLES;iyawar tsaftacewa na masu surfactant amino acid guda huɗu yana da ɗan bambanci, kuma duk sun ɗan fi SLES;thickening Ayyukan gabaɗaya ƙasa da SLES.Ta hanyar ƙara mai kauri don daidaita danko na tsarin, za a iya ƙara danko na tsarin sodium cocoyl alanine zuwa 1500 Pa·s, yayin da dankon sauran tsarin amino acid guda uku har yanzu yana ƙasa da 1000 Pa·s.Wuraren ɗigon ruwa na amino acid guda huɗu suna da laushi fiye da na SLES, yana nuna cewa amino acid shamfu yana gudana a hankali, yayin da tsarin sulfate yana ɗan sauri.A taƙaice, lokacin yin kauri da dabarar shamfu na amino acid, za ku iya la'akari da ƙara nonionic surfactants don ƙara ƙwayar micelle don manufar kauri.Hakanan zaka iya ƙara kauri na polymer kamar PEG-120 methylglucose dioleate.Bugu da ƙari, , haɗa na'urorin kwantar da hankali masu dacewa don inganta combability har yanzu yana da wahala a cikin irin wannan tsari.
3. Nonionic alkyl glycoside surfactants
Bugu da ƙari ga amino acid surfactants, nonionic alkyl glycoside surfactants (APGs) sun ja hankalin jama'a a cikin 'yan shekarun nan saboda rashin jin daɗin su, abokantaka na muhalli, da kyakkyawar dacewa da fata.Haɗe tare da surfactants irin su fatty barasa polyether sulfates (SLES), wadanda ba ionic APGs rage electrostatic repulsion na anionic kungiyoyin na SLES, game da shi kafa manyan micelles tare da sanda-kamar tsari.Irin waɗannan miceles ba su da yuwuwar shiga cikin fata.Wannan yana rage hulɗa tare da sunadaran fata da kuma haifar da haushi.Fu Yanling et al.An gano cewa an yi amfani da SLES azaman surfactant anionic, cocamidopropyl betaine da sodium lauroamphoacetate an yi amfani da su azaman zwitterionic surfactants, kuma an yi amfani da decyl glucoside da cocoyl glucoside azaman surfactants na nonionic.Ma'aikata masu aiki, bayan gwaji, anionic surfactants suna da mafi kyawun kumfa, biye da zwitterionic surfactants, kuma APGs suna da mafi munin kumfa;shampoos tare da anionic surfactants a matsayin babban saman saman aiki jamiái suna da bayyane flocculation, yayin da zwitterionic surfactants da APGs suna da mafi munin kumfa Properties.Babu yaɗuwar ruwa da ya faru;Dangane da kurkura da rigar tsefe gashin gashi, tsari daga mafi kyau zuwa mafi muni shine: APGs> anions> zwitterionics, yayin da a bushe gashi, abubuwan tsefewar shampoos tare da anions da zwitterions a matsayin manyan abubuwan surfactants daidai suke., da shamfu tare da APGs a matsayin babban surfactant yana da mafi munin combing Properties;Gwajin kwanyar kaji chorioallantoic membrane gwajin ya nuna cewa shamfu tare da APGs a matsayin babban surfactant shine mafi laushi, yayin da shamfu tare da anions da zwitterions kamar yadda babban surfactants shine mafi sauƙi.sosai.APGs suna da ƙananan CMC kuma suna da tasiri mai tasiri ga fata da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.Saboda haka, APGs suna aiki a matsayin babban mai daɗaɗɗen ruwa kuma suna sa gashi su ji tsiri da bushewa.Ko da yake suna da laushi a kan fata, suna iya cire lipids kuma suna ƙara bushewar fata.Don haka, lokacin amfani da APGs a matsayin babban abin da ke sama, kuna buƙatar la'akari da iyakar abin da suke cire lipids na fata.Za a iya ƙara masu daɗaɗa masu dacewa a cikin dabara don hana dandruff.Don bushewa, marubucin ya kuma yi la'akari da cewa ana iya amfani da shi azaman shamfu mai sarrafa mai, don tunani kawai.
A taƙaice, babban tsarin aikin saman na yanzu a cikin dabarun shamfu har yanzu yana mamaye ayyukan anionic surface, wanda aka raba asali zuwa manyan tsarin biyu.Na farko, SLES an haɗa shi tare da zwitterionic surfactants ko wadanda ba na ionic surfactants don rage fushinsa.Wannan tsarin tsarin yana da kumfa mai arziƙi, yana da sauƙin kauri, kuma yana da saurin yawo na cationic da silicone mai kwandishana da ƙarancin farashi, don haka har yanzu shine babban tsarin surfactant a kasuwa.Na biyu, an haɗa gishirin anionic amino acid tare da zwitterionic surfactants don haɓaka aikin kumfa, wanda shine wuri mai zafi a ci gaban kasuwa.Irin wannan nau'in samfurin yana da laushi kuma yana da kumfa mai wadata.Koyaya, saboda tsarin tsarin tsarin gishirin amino acid yana yawo kuma yana juyewa a hankali, gashin irin wannan samfurin ya bushe sosai..APGs marasa ionic sun zama sabon jagora a haɓaka shamfu saboda dacewarsu mai kyau da fata.Wahalhalun da ke tattare da samar da irin wannan nau'in dabarar shine samun ingantattun na'urorin da za su iya kara yawan kumfa, da kuma kara masu daskararrun da suka dace don rage tasirin APG a kan fatar kai.Yanayin bushewa.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-21-2023